【摘要】 目的:探讨各型重症药疹的临床特点、常见致敏药物及治疗,为重症药疹的合理防治、减少其并发症、提高治愈率提供参考。方法:对中南大学湘雅医院2009年6月至2017年5月收治的126例重症药疹的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:126例重症药疹中,男女比例为1:1.38;住院时间为(12.7±9.8)d。最常见类型为重症多形红斑型药疹,最凶险的类型为大疱性表皮松解型药疹,死亡2例。抗生素为本组患者最常见的致敏药物类别;最常见的单一致敏药物为卡马西平,其次为别嘌呤醇。结论:本地区重症药疹多见于中青年人群,重症多形红斑型药疹为最常见类型,大疱性表皮松解型药疹病死率最高,药物超敏反应综合征的住院时间最长。及时停用致敏药物,早期足量应用糖皮质激素,适时联合使用非激素治疗手段如静脉注射免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunogloblin,IVIG)、血浆置换、血液透析,有助于提高疗效,降低并发症和病死率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of various types of severe drug eruption and common sensitized drugs, and to provide clinical references for reducing the incidence of severe drug eruption.Methods:The clinical data regarding 126 cases of severe drug eruption were analyzed retrospectively from June 2009 to May 2017 in Xiangya Hospital,Central South University.Results:In the 126 cases of severe drug eruption,the distribution of men and women ratio was 1:1.38.The length of stay was(12.7±9.8)d.The most common type was Steven-Johnson syndrome;the most dangerous type was drug-induced bullosa epidermolysis.The most common sensitized drug category in these patients was antibiotics;the most common single sensitizing drug was carbamazepine,following by allopurinol.Conclusion:Severe drug eruption occurs mostly in young and middle-aged people.StevenJohnson syndrome is the most common type;drug hypersensitive syndrome has the longest length of hospital course.Mortality rate of drug-induced bullosa epidermolysis is the highest.Timely stop using of allergens,early using glucocorticoids,and timely combination of non-glucocorticoids treatment(such as intravenous immunogloblin,plasma exchange and hemodialysis),can improve the efficacy and reduce the complications and mortality.更多还原