Flax is one of the most important oil crop and fiber crop. In this paper,the characteristics and mechanism of physical mutagenesis,chemical mutagenesis and tissue culture induced mutagenesis were reviewed briefly. And the mutation technology applied in flax breeding,such as gamma ray mutagenesis,space mutation,EMS mutagenesis,somaclonal variation,were emphatically reviewed. The application of morphological method,instrumental analysis method,tissue culture method and TILLING technology in the identification...