【摘要】 为研究畜禽粪便有机肥的施用对土壤造成的潜在重金属污染,采用大田模拟试验,研究了3种猪粪有机肥对土壤有机质含量、p H值、重金属含量的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥T11[下标数字分别表示有机肥种类(1、2、3)和施用量(1表示1 875 kg/hm2,2表示3 750 kg/hm2),下同]、T12、T22、T31、T32处理较对照(施用普通复合肥)土壤有机质含量均有不同程度的增加,增幅为5.34%~13.50%。且增量施用有机肥,土壤有机质含量会随之增加,但T21处理土壤有机质较对照下降19.36%。与对照相比,各处理p H值没有较为一致的变化规律。除铅(Pb)外,施用有机肥处理浅层(0~40 cm)重金属含量较对照均有不同程度的增加,其中汞(Hg)、砷(As)在0~10 cm层增幅分别为0~232.70%、15.79%~238.35%,Pb、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)在0~20 cm层增幅分别为6.27%~32.41%、10.14%~34.39%、12.95%~45.85%,铬(Cr)在0~40 cm层增幅为14.03%~26.82%;深层土壤重金属含量较对照显著减小,Pb在90~100 cm降幅为56.37%~71.01%,Zn在60~70 cm、90~100 cm层降幅分别为10.51%~36.24%、27.71%~49.36%,镉(Cd)在70~90 cm层降幅为29.36%~46.63%。多因素方差分析表明,Cr、Pb、Hg、As含量与有机肥施用量的关系极显著,Cu、Zn、Cd不显著;Cr、As、Zn含量与有机肥种类的关系极显著,Pb、Hg、Cu、Cd不显著。综合分析表明,施用3种有机肥对土壤特别是表层土壤有较强的潜在重金属污染风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the consideration of potential soil heavy metal pollution caused by the application of animal manure organic fertilizer,pig mature organic fertilizers were selected to investigate the effects on maize soil p H value,organic matter and the content of heavy metal through simulated field experiment. The results indicated that the contents of soil organic matter in treatments T11[subscript numbers represented organic fertilizer types( 1,2,3) and application amount( 1 represented 1 875 kg/ha; 2 represented 3 750 kg/ha),the same below],T12,T22,T31,and T32 increased in varying degrees from 5. 34% to 13. 50% compared with CK( no organic fertilizer was used),and it increased with the increment of organic manure,but that of treatment T21 was 19. 36% lower than CK. The change of soil p H value was not relatively consistent in alltreatments compared with that of CK. Except Pb,the content of other heavy metals in shallow soil( 0—40 cm) increased in varying degrees compared with that of CK. In the 0—10 cm layer of soil,the contents of Hg and As increased within the range of 0—232. 70% and 15. 79% —238. 35% respectively; and the increase rates of Pb,Cu and Zn in the 0—20 cm layer of soil were 6. 27% —32. 41%,10. 14% —34. 39%and 12. 95% —45. 85% respectively,and the content of heavy metal Cr in the 0—40 cm layer increased by14. 03% —26. 82%. The content of heavy metals in deep soil was significantly lower than that of CK. In the90—100 cm layer of soil,the content of Pb decreased by 56. 37% —71. 01%; in terms of the content of Zn,the decreasing amplitude in the 60—70 cm layer was 10. 51% —36. 24% and in the 90—100 cm layer was27. 71% —49. 36%; as for the content of Cd,there was a decline of 29. 36% —46. 63% in the 70—90 cm layer. The contents of soil heavy metals Cr,Pb,Hg and As significantly changed with the application of organic fertilizer,while the variation of Cu,Zn and Cd had no significant relation with it. It also showed that the kinds of organic fertilizer were related more obviously to the contents of Cr,As and Zn than that of Pb,Hg,Cu and Cd. The above study shows that there is stronger potential pollution risk on soil,especially shallow layers by using three kinds of organic fertilizers.更多还原