【摘要】 以奥克托今(HMX)为基,加入氧化剂高氯酸铵(AP)、硼铝复合粉和粘结剂端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB),设计和制备硼铝金属化炸药。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测了硼粉、铝粉及硼铝复合粉的外观形貌;用热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)分析了奥克托今(HMX)和高氯酸铵(AP)对硼铝粉热氧化特性的影响,对硼铝粉的反应动力学机理进行了深入了解;为掌握金属化炸药对各种外界能量刺激的安全性以及传播爆轰波的能力,测试了硼铝金属化炸药的撞击感度、摩擦感度、电火花感度、雷管起爆感度和起爆特性。结果表明,硼铝复合粉中,球形Al粉的表面有许多小颗粒的硼粉;在室温~1000℃范围和N2气氛下,虽然压力对HMX和AP的热分解峰温有影响,但是,Al粉和B粉仅发生部分氧化,不能燃烧;硼铝金属化炸药的撞击感度为60%~80%,摩擦感度均为100%,电火花感度为3.83~6.40 kV,可以用8#工业雷管直接起爆,表明无粘结剂的硼铝金属化炸药感度较高,使用钝化HMX和AP后其感度明显降低,添加聚氨酯粘结剂后其感度进一步下降,当聚氨酯粘结剂含量为20%时,HMX基硼铝金属化炸药的撞击感度小于10%,摩擦感度小于30%,显示能满足混合炸药制备及加工工艺的安全要求;此外,直径Φ50 mm的硼铝金属化炸药可以用8#工业雷管直接起爆,能稳定传播爆轰波,表现出较强的后效做功能力更多还原

【Abstract】 O ctagon( HMX) based metalized explosive containing boron( B)/aluminum( Al) compound pow der,oxidizer ammonium perchlorate( AP) and binder hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene( HT PB) w as designed and prepared. T he appearance morphology of B pow der,Al pow der and BAl compound pow der w ere observed by SEM. T he effects of HMX and AP on the thermal oxidation characteristics of B and Al pow der w ere investigated by TG-DSC. A deeper understanding of reaction kinetic mechanism of the B and Al pow der w as made. T he sensitivities( impact sensitivity,friction sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,cap initiation sensitivity) and ignition and propagation properties for metalized containing B/Al w ere measured,w hich made a fully acknow ledge of the safety under different external energy stimuli and ability of detonation propagation. T he results show that there are many small particles of B pow der on the surface of spherical Al pow der in the B-Al compound pow der. From room temperature( 25 ℃) to 1000 ℃ under N 2atmosphere,although the pressures have an effect on the thermal decomposition peak temperature of HMX and AP,how ever partial oxidation of Al pow-der and B pow der only occurs,w hereas the combustion does not occur. T he impact sensitivity,friction sensitivity and electrostatic spark sensitivity of the metalized explosives containing B and Al pow der are 40%-80%,100% and 3.83-6.40 kV respectively,and all the metalized explosives designed can be intiated by 8# industrial detonator,w hich indicates that the mechanical sensitivity of the metalized explosive containing B and Al pow der w ithout binder is high. T he mechanical sensitivity is obviously low ered by adding desensitized HMX and AP,and it can be further low ered by adding polyurethane binder.By increasing the 20% content of polyurethane binder HT PB,the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of the HMX based metalized explosive containing B pow der can be reduced less than 10% and 30%,respectively,revealing that the safety requirements for preparation and processing technology of mixed explosive can be satisfied. Additionally,the metalized explosive of Ф50 mm can be intiated by 8# industrial detonator and can propagate stable detonation,show ing a strong after-effect pow er ability.更多还原