【摘要】 目的对陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病区防治效果进行评价,为进一步制定防治策略提供依据。方法按照陕西省地方病防治研究所2012年制定的《陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病区控制和消除考核验收实施方案》的要求,于2012—2015年调查汉中市镇巴县及安康市紫阳、岚皋、平利、汉阴、石泉、镇坪县和汉滨区共8县区的所有病区村居民户改良炉灶现况、炉灶使用情况、供人食用的玉米辣椒正确干燥和储存情况,并调查病区村出生并居住的8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。省市级在每个调查县随机抽取3个镇,每个镇随机抽取3个村进行复核,并将复核结果与自查结果进行比对。结果 8个病区县防氟炉具使用呈多样化,高氟石煤非主要燃料,改良炉灶合格率偏低,正确使用率及玉米辣椒的正确干燥率达到90%以上,氟斑牙检出率低于30%。燃煤型氟中毒病区村1 456个,其中640个村达到消除标准,占43.96%;419个村达到控制标准,占28.78%;397个村未达到控制标准,占27.27%。达到消除或控制标准的县均为1个,其余6县区未达到控制标准。结论陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病防治工作取得了一定效果,今后应积极引导病区居民使用清洁能源,加强病情监测和健康教育工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Shaanxi and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods According to The Implementation Plan for Investigation of Testing and Acceptance Results in Controlling and Eliminating Coal-burning Endemic Fluorosis in Shaanxi Province, eight counties,such as Ziyang, Langao, Pingli, Hanyin, Shiquan, Zhenping, Hanbin and Zhenba in two counties of Ankang and Hanzhong city were chosen in 2012-2015 as the survey sites. All the endemic areas were investigated the situation of improved stoves, the correct usage of improved stoves, drying and storage of corn and pepper and the dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12, in eight counties. Three towns were randomly selected in each county and three villages were randomly selected in each town to investigate and reexamine the results of the survey. Results The use of anti-fluoride stove in eight counties revealed diversified and the high fluoride coal was no longer the main fuel. The qualified rate of improved stoves was low. The correct usage rate of qualified stoves and the correct drying rate of corn and chili were all higher than 90%. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children was lower than 30%. There were 1 456 historic coal-burning endemic fluorosis villages in targeted counties, 640 villages had reached the standard of elimination, accounted for 43.96%.A total of 419 villages reached the standard of control, accounted for 28.78%.A total of 397 villages did not reached the standard of control, accounted for 27.27%.One county reached the standard of elimination, and one reached the standard of control.Conclusion The control efficiency is obvious. In the future, there should be more guidance on the popularization of clean energy, and more attention should be paid to the disease surveillance and health education to consolidate the control effect.更多还原