【摘要】 职官有犯,即职官有犯罪的行为。明代针对职官有犯的诉讼有明确法律规定,事涉官吏自己的事情,不允许官吏本人诉讼;民人对职官有犯的诉讼可以避开本管官,但必须是受害者,只能够诉讼该官不法行为,却不能够告己事。由于职官有犯的诉讼限制,不但使对职官的诉讼变得困难,因受理规定的缺失,还增加了诉讼风险。为了实施对官吏的有效监督,明王朝曾经出台一些补救措施,却没有形成有效的制度。职官有犯的诉讼渠道不畅通,除了制度的原因,也受到君主专制与官僚政治的影响,最终使社会认可职官有犯的诉讼之难。即便如此,明代在职官有犯诉讼方面的努力,还是可以得出一些有益的启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Law in the Ming Dynasty made a clear stipulation that officials could not make lawsuit when it was connected with the officials. Civilians could only accuse the official of his illegal action,but they could not tell their own things,so lawsuit was very difficult because of these limits. Though there were some remedial measures,effective system did not exist. Except for the reasons of system,autocratic monarchy and bureaucracy were the main reasons. Even if it is so,some efforts in the lawsuit in the Ming Dynasty still give us some instructions.更多还原