【摘要】 前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）作为传递黄体生成激素（LH）信号的关键旁分泌因子,主要由颗粒细胞合成,其分泌至胞外后结合至卵丘细胞上的前列腺素E₂受体2和前列腺素E₂受体4（PTGER2、PTGER4）,这两种受体都通过活化胞内偶联的Gas蛋白,进而激活腺苷酸环化酶,增加胞内环磷酸腺苷（c AMP）含量并促进透明质酸合酶2（HAS2）和肿瘤坏死因子α介导蛋白6的合成,引起卵丘细胞扩展。此外PGE₂还通过调控颗粒细胞芳香酶（CYP19）和孕酮表达,从而在排卵后调节黄体的功能。PGE₂的调控异常与多种生殖相关疾病有关,如未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征（LUFS）和受精障碍等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prostaglandin E₂（PGE₂） as one of the key paracrine factors of luteinizing hormone（LH）pathway is mainly expressed by the granulosa cells of the follicles at developmental stages. PGE₂ acts at the cumulus cells by binding with two kinds of receptors, the prostaglandin receptor 2（PTGER2） and the prostaglandin receptor 4（PTGER4）, after PGE₂ is secreted to the extracellular. PTGER2 and PTGER4, by activating intracellularly conjugated Gas proteins, activate the adenylate cyclase（AC）, and increase the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate（c AMP）. The transcriptions of hyaluronan synthase 2（HAS2） and the tumor necrosis factor alpha mediated protein 6 are induced by the increased c AMP, following by the cumulus cells expansion. PGE₂ also plays a role in the regulation of corpus function by increasing the expression of aromatase（CYP19） and the level of progesterone. The abnormal regulation of PGE₂ is associated with a variety of reproduction-related diseases, such as luteinized unruptured follicular syndrome（LUFS） and fertilization disorders. In this paper, the function of PGE₂ in the follicular development and ovulation, and its mechanism, were reviewed.更多还原