【摘要】 在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作下,于2008—2010年采用不同小麦和玉米品种,研究不同灌溉处理下土壤水分动态及对冬小麦和夏玉米水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。2a试验结果均表明,灌水在不同土层的入渗是一个缓慢的过程,大致以1a为周期,冬小麦生长期间,0~60 cm土层土壤水分变异较大,60 cm以下土层土壤水分夏玉米无法利用是导致灌水利用效率低的原因。通过分析冬小麦和夏玉米的WUE表明,抗旱节水品种的WUE随着灌溉次数的增加而减小,而非抗旱节水品种的WUE则相反;抗旱节水品种的产量在适度水分胁迫下变化不大,而耗水量有所减少,非抗旱节水品种在适度水分胁迫时,产量减少幅度较大,致使WUE有减小趋势。因此,在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作的华北地区,选用抗旱节水品种,适度减少灌水次数,可以减少无效灌水的入渗,在不影响产量的情况下,提高WUE。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two wheat genotypes and two maize genotypes in different drought tolerance were screeded to study the dynamic change of soil water and water use efficiency(WUE) by designing different irrigation treatments.The two years experiment results showed that the infiltration was a slow process, substantially in a period of 1year. In the growth period of winter wheat, the soil water content in the 0~60 cm changed greatly. It was the main reason that the water below 60 cm soil couldn’t be used by the summer maize resulted in the low irrigation efficiency. Through the analysis of winter WUE, the WUE increased with increasing irrigation frequency for drought resistant and water saving genotypes. Contrary to the drought sensitive genotypes. The yield changed little and the water consumption decreased for the drought resistant and water saving genotypes in the water deficit that WUE increased. Therefore, the selection of drought resistant and water saving wheat, moderate reduction of irrigation frequency, could reduce invalid irrigation infiltration, without affecting the production, it could also improve the water use efficiency in the North China plain.更多还原