【摘要】 水分对植物的生长和发育至关重要。水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)是一种定位于细胞膜上的蛋白,能够在细胞膜上组成孔道,控制水分子在细胞的进出,从而调控植物体内的水分平衡。目前的研究表明植物水通道蛋白共有七种类型,其中最重要的是内嵌蛋白PIP。植物的水通道蛋白不仅种类多而且亚细胞定位呈现多样化。水通道蛋白的同源蛋白高度保守,常以四聚体的形式存在,具有水分子和其它小分子的转运活性,参与植物的各种生理生化过程,维持着植物根部和叶片中的水力传导率。在逆境条件下,植物的水通道蛋白可以通过响应外界逆境胁迫的信号影响基因的表达,利用信号转导通路改变通道分子的开关、活性、转运和富集,从而增强植物的抗逆性。根据植物水通道蛋白的种类、结构、转录后调控以及在抗逆中发挥的作用,本研究综述了植物水通道蛋白的进化适应的结构特点并阐述了水通道蛋白维持水分平衡作用的分子机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is essential for plant growth and development. Aquaporin(AQP) is a protein located on the cell membrane, forming a pore in the cell membrane, adjusting the pass in and out of water molecules in the cell and thereby regulating the water homeostasis of plant. There are seven types of plant AQP, of which the most important is PIP. Plant AQP not only has many different types, but also has diverse subcellular localization. Plant AQP homologous protein is highly conserved, forming tetramer, possess the transport activity of water molecules and other small molecules, participate in various plant physiological and biochemical processes, and maintain the hydraulic conductivity rate of the leaves and roots of plants. Under stress conditions, plant AQP can affect the gene expression in the stress response and utilize the signal transduction pathway to change the molecular switch,channel activity, transport and accumulation,so as to enhance the resistance of plants. According to the plant AQP type, structure, and post transcriptional regulation as well as its role in stress resistance, this review summarized the structural characteristics of evolutionary adaptation of plant AQP and clarified the molecular mechanism of maintaining the balance of water of AQP action.更多还原