【摘要】 外泌体(exosomes)是由多种细胞分泌的囊状小体,内含大量的蛋白质、RNA和脂类等重要物质,在细胞间物质与信息的传递中起着重要作用。目前,对于外泌体的研究主要集中在肿瘤诊断和治疗等方面,而对于寄生虫领域外泌体的研究则刚刚起步。已有研究证明,寄生虫可利用外泌体作为细胞间通讯和与宿主联系的工具,通过多种机制产生外泌体,广泛传递其自身分子,调节宿主的免疫系统;还会利用外泌体相互转移传递毒力因子、药物抗性基因和分化因子,对疾病的发生发展具有重要作用。论文主要对外泌体在感染人类的多种寄生性原虫中的研究进展做一综述,为外泌体在寄生虫领域的研究提供新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exosomes secreted by various types of living cells are small vesicular bodies that contain many types of proteins,RNA and lipids and may be involved in cell-to-cell substance transporting and signaling.At present,the study of exosomes mainly focused on tumor diagnosis and treatment,and the exosomes research in parasite field has just started.Studies have shown that parasitic unicellular eukaryotes use exosomes as vehicles for intercellular communication and host manipulation.By using various mechanisms to generate exosomes and by transferring a wide range of molecules through exosomes,pathogenic protozoan are able to modulate the immune system of the hosts.In addition,exosomes are able to transfer virulence factors,drug-resistance genes and differentiation factors between parasites,which play an important role in the development of the disease.In this review,we explores recent insights into the biology of exosomes from human infectious protozoan parasites,and provided new ideas and models for the study of exosomes in the field of parasites.更多还原