【摘要】 岗嘎考古遗址是目前呼伦贝尔草原发现的规模最大的一处独木棺群,墓主人身份初步确定为公元8～10世纪的室韦人。这一考古发现为在呼伦贝尔草原探寻蒙古族源提供了最新的考古实证资料。通过对考古遗址文化层和遗址周边广泛分布的黑色砂土进行光释光测年和孢粉分析,利用REVEALS模型(Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites)和LOVE模型(Local Vegetation Estimates),重建了该地区在公元2～4世纪、公元7-9世纪、公元11～12世纪和现代共4个时间段的区域和局域植被盖度。结果表明:岗嘎考古遗址的局域植被和区域植被变化比较相似,从公元2～4世纪至现代都以蒿属植物占优势,其植被盖度为27.0%～47.7%。公元2～4世纪,菊科植物在区域和局域都占21.1%～24.8%,但此后其盖度降低,到公元11～12世纪只占3.7%～4.5%;藜科和禾本科植:物的盖度从公元7～9世纪以后增加明显。这反映岗嘎地区在公元2～4世纪和公元7～9世纪是以丰富的蒿属和菊科植物组成的草甸草原,公元11～12世纪和现代则是以禾本科、蒿属和藜科为主的典型草原。室韦人生活时期的区域植被为草甸草原,气候比较湿润温和。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gangga cemetery is. one of the largest single-log-coffin groups found in Hulunbuir steppe. The tomb owners were identified as ethnic Shiwei about A.D. 8^th～10^th century. The archaeological findings provide new empirical data for exploring the origination of the Mongol nationality. With the excavation of tombs, some important scientific problems are put forward: were the pine trees, used to make single-log-coffin, cut down in the local places or somewhere else? What vegetation and climate did Shiwei people live in?Several periods of black sand deposits, consecutive in space, are widely distributed in the archaeological sites and their surrounding areas in Hulunbuir steppe. Samples were collected from the following locations: 25 samples from the western area（ Mogushan site）, 38 samples from the central area（including Hailasitu site, Gangga site,Wangong site and Yikesong site） and 7 samples from the eastern area（Xieertala site）. Based on OSL（ Optically Stimulated Luminescence） dating and pollen data from sediments in archaeological layers and surrounded blacksandy samples, principle of biostratigraphy and PCA（ Principal Component Analysis） were used to divide 70 samples into 4 groups, which represents a different vegetation and climate stage. And then, regional and local vegetation coverage of seven dominated taxa（Pinus, Betula, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cyperaceae and Gramineae） were reconstructed in A.D. 2^nd～4^th century, A.D. 7^th～9^th century, A.D. 11^th～12^th century and modern by REVEALS model（Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites） and LOVE model（Local Vegetation Estimates）. PPEs（ Pollen Productivity Estimates） of Pinus and Betula were from Changbai mountain and of other five herb taxa were from Hulunbuir steppe.Results showed that the regional and local vegetation coverage, of which Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae,Gramineae plants were dominated, were similar in four periods at Gangga archaeological site. RSAPs（ Relevant Source Area of Pollen） of all 70 samples were less than 1 kilometer. In A. D. 2^nd～ 4^th century,the Compositae plants coverage in both regional and local scale accounted for 21. 1% ～24. 8%. However, the Compositae coverage reduced and accounted for only 3. 7% ～ 4. 5% in A.D. 11^th～ 12^th century. The coverage of Gramineae plant increased significantly from A. D. 7^th ～ 9^th century. These findings imply that vegetation around Gangga archaeological site was meadow steppe dominated by Compositae plants in A.D. 2^nd～4^th century and A.D. 7^th～9^thcentury, but changed to typical steppe in A.D. 11^th～12^th century and modern. Shiwei people lived in a period when the climate was warm-wet and the vegetation type was steppe. As for Pinus, both regional vegetation coverage and central area vegetation coverage of Pinus reduced in A.D. 7^th～9^th century, then kept stable till nowadays. However,in A.D. 7^th～9^th century,local vegetation coverage of Pinus in Gangga cemetery reduced more rapidly,which may relate to the custom of making single-log-coffin by ethnic Shiwei. In Hulunbuir steppe, pollen combinations of sample from both archaeological sites and their surrounding natural sediments are similar, which reflects that the infuence of human activities on vegatation composition surrounding archaeological sites in Hulunbuir steppe is less significant than human settlements in farming area.更多还原