【摘要】 正渗透膜是正渗透技术的核心,改进正渗透膜材料性能是正渗透技术发展的必要环节。回顾了正渗透膜的研发历程,总结了传统正渗透膜在结构和性能上的局限性。整理、分析了添加纳米材料对醋酸纤维素正渗透膜、TFC正渗透膜(包括支撑层和分离层)结构和性能的改进效果,重点分析了纳米材料内部和外部"纳米通道"作用对正渗透膜渗透性能的影响,指出纳米材料微观尺寸、结构、取向性以及分散性是影响膜性能的重要因素。最后展望了纳米复合正渗透膜的研发前景和发展方向,为开发新品种正渗透膜提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forward osmosis membrane is one of the cores of forward osmosis technique.The improvement of forward osmosis membrane is essential for osmosis technology development.In this article,the research and development process of forward osmosis membrane is reviewed,and the limitations of polymeric membrane structure and performance are summarized.Then the improvement effects of adding nanomaterial into cellulose acetate membranes and TFC membranes(including supporting layer and active layer)are discussed.Moreover,the influence of"nano channels"which are inside and outside of the nanomaterials is analysed intensively,with including that the micro size,structure,orientation and dispersity are important factors to membrane performance.Finally,the development prospects and development directions are proposed which could be useful to the new forward osmosis membrane production.更多还原