【摘要】 当前,信息环境、传播环境、舆论环境日益复杂,突发事件更加频繁,舆论形态更加多元,舆情回应需要重视,民众知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权等权益也亟需保障,舆情治理面临全新的挑战,社会舆情依法治理成为时代的重要课题。在坚定不移推进全面依法治国进程中,只有明晰"舆情为什么需要治理""谁是治理主体""应遵循什么治理原则和法律程序"等基本问题,才能探索解决社会舆情治理过程中面临的法律思维缺失、预警机制虚置、正面引导不力等关键问题,这不仅是执政合法性的内在需求,也是社会秩序维护的迫切要求,还是言论自由保护的实现路径。社会舆情治理的前提是权利的相对性,目的是国家行使公权力保障私权利,本质是利益间的衡量取舍,这决定了社会舆情治理的核心主体是代表国家行使最高公权力的组织体——政府,也决定了政府在社会舆情治理中应以"尊重和保障权利"为目的和宗旨,坚持"权利义务相统一""职权职责相对应""禁止权利(力)滥用"和"法律成长"的原则,遵循"受理‘权利束表达’、动员社会力量开展‘协商式民意调查’、做出‘新闻发言人+法律顾问’的专业回应、与时俱进完善制度"的实施路径,实现依法治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the information,communication and public sentiment are becoming increasingly complex,with increasing frequent unexpected events and diverse public concerns in social media.Therefore,it is necessary to pay attention not only to the way of responding to them,but also to the way of protecting the right of participation,the right of expression,and the right of supervision.More importantly,it is required to solve the deep-level social problems.It follows that how to manage the public sentiment is to face new challenges and become a vital issue.In the process of determinately governing the country by law,in order to solve the key problems about the lack of legal consciousness,the falsity of early warning mechanism and invalid guidance,it is necessary to clarify the fundamental questions of"why the public sentiment need to be managed""who is responsible for managing it"and"how to manage it".This is not only the demand for internal legitimacy,but also for keeping society in order and protecting speech freedom.Therefore,this study suggests that the premise of governance should be the relativity of rights;that the purpose of public power should protect private rights;and that the essence of governance should be the balance of interests.That means that the Government is the main body of governance.Therefore,the Government should follow the principles of "respecting and safeguarding rights","unifying rights and obligations","unifying powers and duties","prohibiting abuse of rights(powers)"and "legal development",setting up procedures for"accepting right expression","mobilizing social forces to carry out investigation","performing professional response of‘news spokesman plus legal adviser’",and"improving the legal system".更多还原