【摘要】 针对滩涂土池、河口区土池、高位池、虾蟹混养土池4种华南典型对虾养殖池,对水体和沉积物中的磷含量及解磷细菌数量进行了比较分析。结果表明,高位池水体中活性磷酸盐质量浓度为0.308mg/L,显著高于其他3种池塘(p<0.05),其他类型池塘均低于0.018mg/L。滩涂土池、河口区土池和混养土池底泥中的总磷质量比分别为506 mg/kg、1 049 mg/kg和660 mg/kg。不同类型池塘中的解磷细菌数量存在差异,滩涂土池及河口区土池底泥中无解磷细菌检出,高位池和混养土池水体解磷细菌分别为2.67×10~3CFU/m L和2.07×10~3CFU/m L,其中解磷细菌数量占异养细菌的比例均低于3.10%。研究表明,不同类型虾池底泥中的总磷水平高,但水体中活性磷酸盐质量浓度较低,且池中的解磷细菌数量低。针对这一状况,可考虑科学提升环境中解磷细菌的数量水平,促进池塘的磷循环,有助于消减养殖时潜在的磷污染风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper is to investigate the concentration rate of phosphorus and phosphate solubilizing bacteria( PSB) distribution situation in the water and sediment of the 4 kinds of the Litopenaeus vannamei farming ponds. The said ponds are rich in semi-intensive culture in the tidal flat( SICP-T),which may scatter in the estuaries( SICP-E),those of intensive culture in the high tide zones( ICP-H),and poly-cultured ponds in the tidal flat areas( PCP-T). The results of our investigation reveal that the phosphate concentration rate proves to be lower in the water areas rich in SICP-T,SICP-E and PCP-T,whereas the average concentration of phosphate in the aforementioned shrimp ponds turn out below 0. 018 mg/L. As compared with the above said ponds,the content rate of phosphate in the water of ICP-H accounts for 0. 308 mg/L,which tends to be significantly higher than in the other three kinds of ponds( p < 0. 05). All in all,the average mass ratios of the total phosphorus( TP) in the sediment of SICP-T,SICP-E and PCP-T have been worked out equal to 506 mg/kg,1 049 mg/kg and 660 mg/kg,respectively. In contrast,the amounts of PSB in the different kinds of shrimp ponds have been found somewhat different. For example,the amounts of PSB in the said ponds are statistically much lower in the ratio of PSB to the heterotrophic bacteria. What is more,no PSB has been found in the sediment of SICP-E and SICP-T,though the amount of PSB in the water of ICP-H has been detected higher than in other kinds of bacterium culture ponds,which are followed by PCP-T( 2. 67 × 10~3 CFU/m L and 2. 07 × 10~3 CFU/m L). Moreover,the ratio of PSB to heterotrophic bacteria stands below 3.10% in the said four types of ponds. In addition,the redundancy analysis demonstrates that the TP and phosphate content rates in the said water areas constitute the major environmental factors influencing the amounts of PSB and heterotrophic bacteria therein.Among them,the existence of TP and phosphate in it tends to affect the amounts of PSB and heterotrophic bacteria in ICP-H considerably,while TP in the sediment can also affect that of SICPT. And,in comparison,the environmental factors also affect the amounts of PSB and heterotrophic bacteria in the SICP-E and PCP-T in a slight extent. Nevertheless,the concentration rate of TP in the sediment can be said rather high in the different kinds of ponds,though low with phosphate there with the PSB being short. Therefore,to add the probiotic with high efficiency of solubilizing phosphorus,it is necessary to strengthen the phosphatesolubilizing function from the bacteria community in the water environment,and promote the sedimentary phosphorus recycling in the pond ecosystem so as to get rid of phosphorus pollution disaster in the aquaculture development and production.更多还原