【摘要】 目的识别并评价地下轨道交通行业的职业危害,探讨适用的防控措施。方法选用4条地下轨道交通线路为研究对象,采用职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测等方法综合评判关键控制点及其防护措施。结果化学毒物的浓度和工频电场的强度均低于职业接触限值;粉尘的超标率为3.4%,超标岗位均为隧道检修;噪声超标率为2.8%,超标点集中在隧道检修工、列车驾驶员、车辆段检修工等岗位;微波超标率为7.3%,集中在主叫通话过程中。结论地下轨道交通的职业病危害关键点为车辆段的列车检修工、区间隧道的检修工和列车驾驶员。在通风不良的情况下,化学毒物、粉尘的浓度比较高,需采取综合防护措施;噪声以个体防护措施为主;微波的防护应采取减少通话时间、增大防护距离等综合措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To identify and evaluate the occupational hazards of underground rail transport industry,and explore the prevention and control measures.[Methods]A total of 4 underground rail transport lines were selected as study objects.Occupational health survey and occupational hazards detection were adopted to comprehensively assess critical control points and preventive measures.[Results]The concentration of chemical toxicants and intensity of power frequency electric field were lower than occupational exposure limits. The exceeded rate of dust was 3.4%,the post was tunnel repairman.The exceeded rate of noise was 2.8%,the posts were tunnel repairman,train drivers and car depot repairman.The exceeded rate of microwave was 7.3%,which concentrated in the calling process.[Conclusion]The critical control points of occupational hazard in underground trail transit are train repairman in car depot,interval tunnel repairman and train drivers. In the case of poor ventilation,the concentrations of chemical toxicant and dust are higher,so the comprehensive measures should be taken. The main prevention for noise is personal protective measures. Reduce the time of call and increase the protective distance can prevent the microwave hazard.更多还原