【摘要】 目的了解上海市浦东新区2012—2014年上呼吸道感染的病原谱和流行特征。方法收集2012年1月—2014年12月间7家哨点医院上呼吸道感染病例的鼻咽拭子或痰液样本,应用多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法检测9类呼吸道病毒病原,并对其流行特征进行分析。结果 7家哨点医院共采集样本2 987份,共检出病毒病原核酸阳性样本866份,检出率为28.99%。其中,单一病毒感染808份,双重病毒感染53份,三重病毒感染5份,构成比分别为93.3%、6.12%和0.58%。病原谱由流感病毒、副流感病毒、鼻病毒、冠状病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、偏肺病毒,腺病毒,博卡病毒和肠道病毒组成。流感病毒、鼻病毒和腺病毒是检出率最高的3类病毒,分别占总核酸阳性数的49.73%,16.90%和7.10%。鼻咽拭子标本中检出核酸阳性样本656份,检出率为31.16%;痰液标本中检出210份,检出率为23.81%。感染者的平均年龄为(30.49±25.407)岁,年龄中位数为24.00岁,男女比为1.16∶1,以40~50岁年龄组感染的检出率最高(33.33%)。感染主要发生在冬春季,但夏季有一个小高峰。中部区域是3个地区中检出率最高的地区,为34.16%。结论上海市浦东新区2012—2014年上呼吸道感染存在一定的季节性和地域性特点,在流行期需要采取防控措施防止相关病毒感染的暴发和流行。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To know the viral spectrum and epidemic characteristics of upper respiratory tract infection(URTI) in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2012-2014.[Methods]The nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples of URTI patients were collected from 7 sentinel hospitals from January 2012 to December 2014.Multiplex PCR was used to detect 9 viral pathogens,and the epidemic characteristics were analyzed.[Results]A total of 866 positive samples were detected in 2 987 samples and the detection rate was 28.99%.There were 808 cases of single viral infection,53 cases of dual virus infection,and 5 triple viral infection,which the proportion was 93.3%,6.12% and 0.58%,respectively.The viral spectrum included Influenza Virus(IV),Parainfluenza Virus(PIV),Rhinovirus(RV),Coronavirus(COV),Respiratory Syncytial Virus(RSV),Metapneumovirus(MPV),Adenovirus(ADV),Bocavirus(BV)and Enterovirus(EV).IV,BV and EV were the top three viruses with the highest detection rate,accounting for 49.73%,16.90% and 7.10%of total positive samples,respectively.There were 656 positive samples in nasopharyngeal swabs with the detection rate of 31.16%,210 positive samples in sputum samples with the detection rate of 23.81%.The average age of the patients was(30.49 ±25.407) years old,and the median age was 24.00 years old.The sex ratio was 1.16 ∶ 1.The detection rate in 40-50 year-old age group was the highest(33.33%).Most infection occurred in winter and spring,but there was another prevalent peak in summer.Middle region had the highest detection rate(34.16%)of all regions.[Conclusion]There are seasonal and regional characteristics in epidemic situation of upper respiratory tract infection in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2012-2014.In peak season,it is necessary to take control measures to prevent the outbreak and epidemic of respiratory virus.更多还原