【摘要】 目的分析南通市2005—2014年乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)流行特征,进一步探讨乙肝疫苗的免疫策略。方法收集全国法定传染病报告管理信息系统中南通市2005—2014年新发急性和未分类乙肝进行流行病学分析。结果 2005—2014年南通市累积新发急性和未分类乙肝共5 140例,年平均发病率为7.14/10万,有下降趋势(χ2trend=1 754.43,P<0.05)。乙肝发病以青壮年为主,15~60岁占总发病的89.11%;男性发病率高于女性(χ2=8.21,P<0.05),男女发病比为3.17∶1;职业构成以农民居多(54.71%),其次是工人(14.94%)、民工(5.54%)和学生(4.98%)。乙肝发病无季节性。南通市9个县市区均有报告,如东县、海门市和通州区累计发病占前3位。调查3 067例发病者乙肝疫苗的接种率仅为2.18%。结论南通市乙肝高发病率人群为青壮年男性劳动者,因此,应在新生儿常规免疫的基础上将青壮年乙肝疫苗接种纳入社区初级保健和农民医保中,从而提高青壮年的乙肝疫苗接种率,以降低全人群的乙肝感染率。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hepatitis B virus in Nantong from 2005-2014, explore the immunization strategy of Hepatitis B vaccine.[Methods]The information of new onset acute and unclassified hepatitis B patients in Nantong from 2005-2014 were collected from the information system of legal infectious disease report and analyzed.[Results]A total of 5140 cases of new onset acute and unclassified hepatitis B patients were reported in Nantong from 2005-2014.The average annual incidence was 7.14/100 000, and had a down trend( χ2=1 754.43, P<0.05). Most patients were 15~60 years old( 89.11%). The incidence of males was significantly higher than that of females( χ2=8.21, P<0.05), and the male/female ratio was 3.17∶1. Most patients were farmers( 54.71%), followed by workers( 14.94%), migrant workers( 5.54%) and students( 4.98%).The seasonal characteristics of HBV infection were not found. There were cases reported in all the 10 districts and countries. The top three prevalence of HBV infection was Rudong county, Haimen and Tongzhou district. The inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccination of 3 067 cases was 2.18%. [Conclusion]The highest incidence of HBV were young adults and workers in Nantong.Therefore, improving the inoculation rate among the young adults and workers based on routine immunization of newborn was helpful to reduce the infection rate of hepatitis B. The costs could be incorporated into the communitiy primary care and health care of farmers.更多还原