Objective: To investigate the effects of nalbuphine on remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia and shivering. Methods: In this clinical trial,a randomized,double-blind and controlled design was adopted,and 150 ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 21 ~ 64 yr undergoing elective endoscopic surgery were allocated into five groups( n = 30 for each group) : control group( group C),parecoxib group( group P),low dose nalbuphine group( group N1),medium dose nalbuphine group( group N2),and high dose nalbup...