【摘要】 【目的】叶面肥中的钠离子（Na⁺）大多为伴随离子,其对作物的影响通常被忽视。实践中,Na⁺对作物的作用包括促进和抑制两方面,取决于作物营养生理状况。研究Na⁺对花生的抑制与缺氮（N）胁迫的关系,探索补施氮素对上述抑制作用的恢复效应,可为花生高效合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】盆栽试验在山东省花生研究所人工气候室内进行,设喷施肥料中含Na⁺0、2.0、10.0 mg/pot 3个水平,依次记为T0、T1和T2。测定了花生叶片光合作用、茎叶及根干物质累积、根系形态特性和养分吸收,比较了缺氮胁迫（T0、T1、T2）和后期补施尿素态N（T0-N、T1-N、T2-N）条件下Na⁺对花生影响的差异,并深入分析花生Na吸收与干物质累积和氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）养分吸收的相关关系。【结果】1)缺氮胁迫条件下,叶面喷施Na⁺显著抑制了花生的光合作用,净光合速率由CO₂ 11.4μM/（m²·s）下降到CO₂ 6.7⁷.5μM/（m²·s）。茎叶和根干重T0（6.4和2.4 g/pot）>T1（5.7和1.9 g/pot）>T2（5.3和1.5 g/pot）。与T0相比,根总长度、总表面积和总体积T1处理下降了7.8%¹0.5%,T2处理显著下降了27.5%³1.8%。植株Na与N、K含量呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05）,花生Na吸收量每增加1.0 mg/pot,植株总的N、K吸收量分别下降26.6和20.9 mg/pot。2)后期补充喷施氮素条件下,施Na⁺处理花生茎叶干物重比不施Na⁺处理增加了20.3%²5.8%。补施氮素后,施Na⁺促进了茎叶对N、P、K的吸收,N的吸收量增加了9.2%¹9.2%,P增加了20.0%⁴2.3%,K增加了21.4%²4.0%。相关性分析表明,花生植株总干物重及P、K含量在补施氮素后与Na含量呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。【结论】Na⁺对花生生长及养分吸收的影响与氮素营养有关。在缺氮胁迫下,Na⁺对花生的生长为抑制作用,抑制程度随喷施量增加而加重,高浓度Na⁺显著抑制根茎叶干物质的累积和N、K养分的吸收。补施氮肥提高了花生植株对Na⁺的适应性,恢复了光合作用及养分吸收能力,消除了Na胁迫的危害作用,产生"N–Na"协同促进效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objectives】Sodium（Na⁺） is often contained as counterion in foliar fertilizers, so its effect on crop growth is least considered during fertilization. Na⁺ plays both promotion and inhibition roles on crop growth,depending on the plant nutrition and physiology status. The inhibition role of Na⁺ was studied on peanut exposure to Na⁺ stress, and the recovery effect of supplemental spraying N to the inhibition was also investigated.【Methods】A pot experiment was conducted inside the growth chamber located in Shandong Peanut Research Institute. Three levels of Na⁺ were designed in the foliar fertilizer: Na⁺ 0, 2.0 and 10.0 mg/pot, and recorded as T0,T1 and T2 in turn. The peanut photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, root morphology, nutrient absorption were investigated in both N deficit stresses（T0, T1, T2） and later urea supplement（T0-N, T1-N, T2-N）. The effect of Na absorption on the N, P and K absorption was analyzed. 【Results】1) Without N supplement, the net photosynthetic rates were significantly decreased from 11.4 CO₂ μM/（m2·s） to 6.7–7.5 CO₂ μM/（m2·s） in Na containing treatments, the dry weights of shoot and root were in order of T0（6.4 and 2.4 g/pot） > T1（5.7 and1.9 g/pot） > T2（5.3 and 1.5 g/pot）. Total root length, surface area, and volume in T1 and T2 treatments were decreased by 7.8%–10.5% and 27.5%–31.8% compared with T0. 2) With later supplement of N, Na⁺ inhibition in photosynthesis was recovered quickly. The shoot dry weights in T1-N and T2-N treatments were increased by 20.3%–25.8% compared with T0-N. The inhibition of Na⁺ became promotion of N, P, K absorption. The shoot N, P, K absorptions in T1-N and T2-N treatments were respectively increased by 9.2%–19.2%,20.0%–42.3%, 21.4%–24.0% compared with T0-N. The total dry weight of peanut and N, K absorptions were positively correlated with Na⁺（P < 0.05）. 【Conclusions】Under N deficit, Na⁺ shows inhibition effect on the growth and nutrient absorption of peanut and the effect will become exaggerated with the increased Na⁺ contents in fertilizers.This inhibition will be remarkably correlated by later supplement of N, and the inhibition role will change to promotion role of Na⁺. Therefore, application of Na⁺ containing fertilizer, especially those with high Na⁺ concentration, should consider the N supply in order to relieve the possibly harmful effect of Na⁺.更多还原