【摘要】 本文依据国家农垦系统的档案和相关统计资料探讨计划经济时期,中国为什么要创办国有农场,以及创办的成效如何。基本结论:创办国有农场是新中国追求社会主义大农业的战略举措之一,国家领导层希望由国有农场作样板,引领和推动全国农业的集体化和现代化。国有农场自创建以来开垦了大片荒原,生产了大量农副产品,发展了非农产业,实现了高速成长。但由于其内在的制度局限,未能摆脱效率低、成本高和大量亏损的被动局面。国有农场的经营不善还含有国家经济发展战略的影响,即国家为积累工业发展资金,通过行政统制汲取农业剩余,给农场的运营绩效带来深远的负效应。为缓解城镇就业压力而大量接收安置城镇知识青年和其他富余人员,也妨碍国有农场效率提高。分析和总结国有农场发展中的经验教训成为探讨中国农业现代化途径的一个必要视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper inquires into why state farms were initiated and how such agricultural enterprises were performed before the economic transition from planning economy to socialist market economy in the People’s Republic of China. The basic conclusion is that the initiation of state farm was a strategic state measure for collectivization and modernization in agricultural domain. Since they were established,state farms had realized high growing as a whole,although the many of state farms had been caught in inefficiency and large deficits long. The performances of state farms were also impacted negatively by the economic strategy of the state.更多还原