Heshouwu,derived from the root of Polygonum multiflorum( = Fallopia multiflora),is widely used in the Chinese medicine market as a traditional tonic. The emergence of heshouwu material with a human shape reflects a pursuit of its supplementing effects. However,reports of Heshouwu toxicity have repeatedly surfaced in recent years,attracting widespread concern. To clarify the situation surrounding the safety and efficacy of Heshouwu,this research utilizes a systematic review of the text and illustrations in h...