【摘要】 以工科为例,基于2012—2015年ARWU和THE排行榜的排名数据,运用多维标度分析、聚类分析等技术,分析了世界一流学科的类型、特征和发展趋势。研究发现,在类型和特色上,世界一流学科可以分成两个大类和四个亚类,分别代表了不同的办学特色;在发展趋势上,呈现出稳定、重视教学科研质量、"三降两升"等不同发展趋势。其中,教育教学和科研质量是一流学科实现"转型发展"的关键核心与发展瓶颈。在"双一流"建设中,要把握世界一流大学与世界一流学科的"协同共生"关系,狠抓教学与科研质量,提高一流学科的国际化水平,进而有效地促进该学科所在高校的世界一流大学建设进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the 2012—2015 ranking of ARWU and THE, we took Engineering subject areas as an example, and analyzed the types, characteristics and trends of first-class disciplines in the world with Multi-dimensions scaling analysis and Cluster analysis. We found that the world first-class disciplines can be divided into two categories and four sub-categories according to its types and characteristics, which represented different kinds of schooling characteristics respectively. It is considered that maintain and value the quality of teaching and scientific research, and "three down two liters" are the new trends of this new era. And the quality of teaching and scientific research is the key to achieve "restructuring and development" of our disciplines. In the "Dualclass" construction, we should grasp the synergic relationship between world-class universities and world-class discipline, pay close attention to the quality of teaching and research, and improve the level of international-class subjects, so that we can accelerate the progress of constructing the world-class universities.更多还原