【摘要】 地球上的高原依照其组成及形成过程差异分为两大类:克拉通高原与造山高原。克拉通高原是在古老的前寒武纪基底和稳定的克拉通的基础上构筑的高原,具有简单的、均一的、稳定的、冷的地壳以及刚性古老硬基底,如巴西高原、科罗拉多高原、埃塞俄比亚高原、南非高原、中西伯利亚高原和德干高原等。造山的高原是以造山单元作为主体的高原,分为俯冲型高原和碰撞型高原。前者如"中安第斯高原"与东太平洋的向东俯冲密切相关;后者如青藏高原,具有相对复杂、不均一、多地体拼贴、多期造山、相对热的巨厚地壳组成的造山软基底。研究表明青藏高原的初始高原在白垩纪形成,与班公湖-怒江缝合带的闭合(120~140Ma)有关。而印度-亚洲碰撞(60~50Ma)和印度岩石圈板片平俯冲在青藏高原之下,促使青藏高原整体的抬升至4000~5000m的高度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Plateaus on earth can be subdivided into two categories:craton plateau and orogenic plateau.Craton plateau normally developed on Precambrian basement or stable craton,which is characterized by simple,homogeneous,stable,cold and strong old basement,such as Brazilian Plateau,Colorado Plateau,Ethiopia Plateau,South African Plateau,Middle Siberia Plateau,Deccan Plateau,and so on.Basement of orogenic plateau is always composed by different orogenic units.The orogenic plateau could be separated into subducted orogenic plateau and collisional orogenic plateau two groups.The Middle Andean Plateau,formed overlying eastward subducted Pacific plate,belongs the subducted orogenic plateau.While,the Tibetan Plateau possess complex and uninformed soft basements which have experienced multiple phase orogeny.New research results illustrate that the Tibetan Plateau begin uplifted during Early Cretaceous,it may be related with closure of Bangong-Nujiang Ocean at 120~140 Ma.However,India-Asian collision(60~50Ma) and concomitantly low angle under thrust of Indian lithosphere beneath Tibetan Plateau lead to the Plateau finally elevated over 4000~5000 m.更多还原