【摘要】 高标准基本农田建设过度强调了农田基础设施的功能性,而忽视了其生态性.缺少生态化设计的农田工程是对农田生态系统的强烈人为干扰,造成田间生物栖息、繁殖、觅食等生境的改变,直接影响农田生态系统的可持续发展.本研究对现行农田工程设计进行现场调查与不足分析,并对高标田建设单体工程设计进行生态改良,结果为:(1)田间道路工程采用透水混凝土路面与生物过路管道设计,增强道路透水性与低聚热性及小型田间生物的道路通过能力;(2)灌溉渠道工程采用动物逃脱渠壁与仿河段渠底设计,提高田间动物通过、逃离垂直渠道能力,在渠底附着生长的水生植物为鱼类、两栖动物提供栖息、繁殖场所;(3)排水渠道工程采用生态沟设计,利于田间动物、候鸟的觅食、栖息与繁殖,提高了水陆两种生态系统间物质能量交换.生态化设计既满足高标准基本农田建设的建设要求,又减少设计对农田生态系统的干扰,很好地起到保障农产品质量、农田生态环境安全,美化农田景观,提升农业附加值的作用.更多还原

【Abstract】 To eliminate the agricultural engineering designs’ disturbance to the sustainable development of farmland ecosystem,field investigation and analysis of the existing designs have been done in Huizhou,Guangdong Province. Moreover,ecological engineering designs and improvements have been done according to the investigation and analysis.Results show that:( 1)Porous concrete pavement and animal crossing pipeline was applied in farmland road design.The farmland animal road-crossing ability,pavement water permeability and heat dissipation was improved.( 2) Animal escape vertical ditch wall and imitated river bottom was applied in farmland irrigation engineering design.The amphibians and reptiles in the ditch can escape out easily by escape wall.Aquatic plants grow on pebbles ditch bottom can support the amphibians and fishes.( 3) Ecological drainage ditch was applied in farmland drainage engineering design.The revetment of ecological drainage ditch are made by timber,trees and aquatic plants,different with the current concrete-stone drainage ditch,which could offer foods and habitat for birds and animals.The designs also improve the interaction between water-and land-ecosystem,and enrich the farmland landscape. The ecological agricultural engineering designs meet the requirements of high standard basic farmland construction,and reduce the non-ecological designs disturbance to the farmland ecosystem.更多还原