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权力对控制错觉的影响
The Effect of Power Priming on the Illusion of Control
【摘要】 采用实验法探讨了权力及其合理性对控制错觉的影响,通过权力经验回忆与虚假测试启动个体的权力感,进而对其控制感进行了测量。结果发现:(1)权力启动会对控制错觉产生影响,与低权力相比,高权力会导致个体产生更高的控制错觉;(2)权力的合理性与权力水平在控制感上存在交互效应,当权力关系合理时,高权力导致更高的控制错觉,而权力关系不合理时,低权力导致更高的控制错觉。这表明控制错觉会受到动态的基于情境的权力关系以及权力合理性的影响。
【Abstract】 This study explored the impact of power and power-legitimacy on the illusion of control with two experiments. We hypothesized that the activation of different behavior systems will lead to different experiences in the sense of control by high-power individuals and low-power individuals: high-power individuals will have a greater sense of control, which means high-power individuals will have the illusion of control. Considering the conflicting behavior of high-power and low-power individuals when the power is legitimate and illegitimate, we believe that the legitimacy of power is also an important factor influencing the relationship between power and control illusion. Thus we proposed such a hypothesis that the legitimacy of power and power levels will have an interactive effect on the sense of control. That is, when the power is legitimate, the high-power individuals will have significantly stronger sense of control than low-power individuals; when the power is illegitimate, the high-power individuals will have significantly weaker sense of control than low-power individuals.In the current study, two experiments were designed to verify the two hypotheses above. The participants of the experiments are 87 undergraduates(Experiment 1) and 129 undergraduates and graduate students(Experiment 2). All the participants were recruited from the same school. In Experiment 1, half of the participants were assigned to a powerful condition and the other half to a powerless condition. Participants in the powerful condition were asked to imagine that they were a manager in a sales agency whereas participants in the powerless condition were asked to imagine that they were an employee of the same agency. Then they were asked to imagine all the things they would like to do on their day as the manager or employee. Finally, both of them read the information about a sales agency and rated the likelihood that they could control its future development. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to complete a leadership aptitude test and then received feedback that was ostensibly based on the test, while actually it was randomly assigned. Power and legitimacy were manipulated by telling participants the result of the test and the role of the incoming activity. Four sub-groups were formed: high and legitimate power group, high and illegitimate power group, low and legitimate power group, and low and illegitimate power group. All participants responded to the same sales agency questions as in Experiment 1.The results of the two experiments showed that the two hypotheses were supported:(a) High power led to overestimation of the illusion of control;(b) High power lead to overestimation of the illusion of control when power relationship is legitimate and low power led to overestimation of the illusion of control when power relationship is illegitimate.This study provides empirical supports for the Approach Inhibition Theory(Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson, 2003). It reveals that the illusion of control can be influenced by the dynamics of power relationship based on the context and power legitimacy.
- 【文献出处】 心理科学 ,Journal of Psychological Science , 编辑部邮箱 ,2016年02期
- 【分类号】B842
- 【被引频次】24
- 【下载频次】1166