【摘要】 目的快速查明导致青岛市出现多起食源性疾病暴发事件的"黑美人"毒西瓜的来源,及时采取控制措施,为防止类似事件的发生提供建议。方法根据病例定义开展病例搜索,采取流行病学方法分析事件特征,并溯源致病因素及病因性食品的销售途径和种植源头。结果有共同饮食暴露来源的西瓜导致发病19例,临床表现以恶心(占84%)、呕吐(占84%)、腹痛(占74%)、口舌麻木(占74%)和头晕(占58%)等为主,平均潜伏期20 min,血清胆碱酯酶活性均显著降低。从患者进食剩余和应急抽检的西瓜样品中检出涕灭威超标。经危险因素分析,进食西瓜量大的,症状相对较重。经溯源调查,问题西瓜先由海南万宁贩运至青岛某国际农副产品交易中心,经各商贩批发后再售卖至患者。结论本次事件的病因性食品是来自海南万宁在种植过程中使用了禁用农药"涕灭威"的"黑美人"西瓜。建议加强农药监管和对农户的宣传教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To trace the " black beauty" watermelon which causes the food- borne disease outbreaks in Qingdao quickly could help investigators figure out what go wrong and how to keep it from happening again.Methods The cases were searched according to the case definition.The epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the epidemiological characteristics,find out the contributing factors,and trace the marketing ways and sources of the pathogenic foods.Results 19 cases caused by the watermelons from the same origin with clinical symptoms: nausea(84%),vomiting(84%),abdominal pain(74%),mouth numbness(74%),and dizziness(58%),respectively.The median incubation period was 20 min.The activity of serum cholinesterase was significantly decreased in all cases.Report on the detection of aldicarb from the leftover and sampled watermelons.The analytical result showed that the more the case ate,the more serious he got sick.According to the tracing investigations,these watermelons which were trafficked to Qingdao international farm and sideline products trading center came from Wanning in Hainan,and were sold to the patients by dealers.Conclusion The pathogenic food is the " black beauty" watermelon contaminated with aldicarb in their production from Wanning in Hainan.More actions of supervision on pesticide and public education to peasants should be taken.更多还原