【摘要】 目的了解2015年望谟县麻疹暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为预防和控制麻疹提供依据。方法对2014年12月20日至2015年2月25日望谟县报告的麻疹流行病学调查资料和疫情资料进行描述性分析。结果此次麻疹暴发疫情历时68 d,共报告麻疹病例53例,发病率为16.56/10万,病例主要集中在8月龄至18岁散居儿童、托幼儿童和学生;疫情呈点多面广的流行;病例接种含麻疹成分疫苗≥1剂次占13.21%,0剂次占16.98%,免疫史不详占69.81%;麻疹Ig M抗体和麻疹核酸阳性率分别为100.00%和96.43%,病毒分离鉴定麻疹病毒阳性率为25.92%。结论基层防保网络薄弱、常规免疫接种存在薄弱环节及监测系统不敏感延误疫情处置是本次麻疹疫情暴发的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective This study was to learn the epidemic characteristics of a measles outbreak in Wangmo County in 2015 for the improvement of measles control and prevention. Methods Analysis was conducted to all epidemic investigation reports and epidemic data of a measles outbreak in Wangmo County during December 20,2014 to February 25,2015. Results The measles outbreak lasted 68 days in Wangmo County. A total of 53 cases of infectious measles were reported,with an incidence of 16. 56 /100,000. The reported cases mainly concentrated on people between eight months to 18 years old who were scattered children,nursery children or students. The outbreak covered different towns. Cases without measles vaccine inoculation or with only 1 dose of vaccine accounted for 13. 21% and 16. 98%,respectively. 69. 81% of the total cases had unclear immune history. The positive rate of measles Ig M antibody and nucleic acid was 100. 00% and 96. 43%,respectively. Measles virus was successfully isolated from 25. 92% of the cases. Conclusion The main reasons for this measles outbreak were the weak network of primary disease prevention and control,poor routine vaccination and delayed epidemic disposal. A comprehensive measures of disease prevention and control should be implemented in order to effectively eliminate measles.更多还原