【摘要】 硬度的测定是材料在力学性能研究中最简便、最常用的一种方法,可以在各种形状和尺寸的试件上进行试验,不需要特别试样,并且与材料抗拉强度有近似的正比关系.通过汇总前人的研究结果,对比了布氏、洛氏、维氏、努氏、韦氏、巴氏、肖氏、里氏几种常见硬度的测试方法、应用范围及特点,对于最常用的布氏、洛氏、维氏简述了测试原理、计算公式、执行标准及这3种硬度值之间的换算方法.还简述了硬度在钛及钛合金中的应用情况,并列出了常用的钛合金的硬度情况.更多还原

【Abstract】 Hardness test is one of the most convenient and widely-used methods because it can be implemented directly on workpieces of various shapes and dimensions rather than making specific specimens. In addition,it is proved that hardness is in direct proportion to tensile stress approximately. Present work shows the information of Brinell, Rockwell, Vicker,Knoop,Wechsler,Barcol,Shore,Dietmar hardness,include test requirements,range of application,advantages as well as disadvantages. And the principles,formulas,standards and conversions of Brinell,Rockwell,Vicker hardness which are most widely used are introduced briefly. Furthermore,the hardnesses of titanium and titanium alloys are also listed.更多还原