【摘要】 目的通过医院感染横断面调查,了解医院感染的特点,评估医院感染的控制效果,为进一步完善医院感染控制体系、降低医院感染提供依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,调查2014年5月7日0:00—24:00时所有住院患者的医院感染现患率。结果调查住院患者1 795例,发生医院感染例数为80例,医院感染现患率为4.46%;医院感染率前三的科室依次为ICU、神经外科、神经内科;医院感染部位以呼吸道感染居首,占65.52%,其中下呼吸道感染占56.32%,上呼吸道感染占9.20%,其次是泌尿道感染占16.09%;医院感染病原菌居前3位的依次是大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌;该次实查1795例中,有837例使用抗菌药物,使用率为46.63%,一联用药占77.54%,二联用药占22.22%,三联及以上用药占0.24%,治疗用药占72.64%,预防用药占18.04%,治疗+预防占9.32%,全院抗菌药物使用率最高的科室为小儿科,为96.55%,其次是呼吸内科,为89.32%。结论应继续加大对重点科室的监管力度,有针对性的调整医院感染管理工作的方向,不断提高预防和控制医院感染的管理水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the current situation of nosocomial infection in a tertiary hospital in 2014,and provide interventional measures based real situation so as to control hospital acquired infection effectively. Methods All hospitalized patients in a tertiary hospital during 0:00—24:00 on May 7, 2014 were investigated on nosocomial infection prevalence rate adopting method of transect investigation. Results 1 795 cases of patients were investigated and nosocomial infection prevalence rate was 4.46%. The departments with the prevalence rate ranking the top three were ICU, neurosurgery and neurology. lower respiratory tract(56.32%), urinary tract(16.09%) and upper respiratory tract( 9.20%) were the three most common infection sites. escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter bauman nii ranked the top three pathogenic species of nosocomial infection. 837 cases were applied antibacterial agents.The utilization rate of antibiotics was 46.63%,among which the single drug medication, two kinds of antibiotics and three-drug therapy and above separately accounted for 77.54%, 22.22% and 0.24%. Antibiotics used for treatment accounted for 72.64%; prophylaxis drugs accounted for 18.04%; treatment plus prophylaxis accounted for 9.32%. Paediatrics had the highest utilization rate of antibiotics(96.55%) in all departments of the hospital and respiration medicine had the second high utilization rate of antibiotics(89.32%). Conclusion The effective implementation of measures to control infection,strengthening the supervision to the key departments should be carry out to reduce the rate of hospital infection.更多还原