【摘要】 超额光谱是借助于热力学中超额函数的概念提出的,是经典热力学函数的补充,它可以提供丰富的分子间相互作用的信息。本文首先介绍了超额光谱的概念和测定方法。然后介绍了超额光谱的用途:提高谱图的表观分辨率、判断体系的非理想性、判断分子间选择性相互作用的优先性、判断二态性以及稳定缔合体的存在和提供分子电荷分布的信息等。其后介绍了超额光谱方法学的若干新进展:超额拉曼光谱、超额偏摩尔红外光谱和固体假二元超额光谱。最后,介绍了超额光谱在几个方面的最新应用:离子液体和分子溶剂体系中的氢键、苯衍生物和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中的卤键、无机阴阳离子和水的相互作用。综上,超额光谱可以帮助我们得到更加丰富的分子间相互作用的信息,为该领域的研究打开了一扇新窗户。更多还原

【Abstract】 Excess spectroscopy was proposed following the idea of excess thermodynamic functions. It is complementary to classical excess functions because it provides rich information on molecular interactions. In this review, we introduce in detail the concept of excess spectroscopy and the measurement of excess spectra for the case of infrared spectroscopy. We then describe the merits of using excess spectroscopy to enhance apparent spectral resolution, judge the non-ideality of mixtures, determine the selectivity of molecular interactions, identify distinct species or clusters in solutions, and provide information related to charge distributions in molecules. Following this, we review the progress in methodology where excess spectroscopy is extended to partial molar excess spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The extension of binary mixtures to pseudo binary mixtures and/or liquid samples to solid samples is also described. Finally, we discuss several recent applications of excess spectroscopy in the study of hydrogen-bonding interactions in ionic liquidmolecular solvent systems, halogen-bonding interactions in benzene derivative-dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)mixtures, and interactions between inorganic cations/anions and water molecules. Clearly, excess spectroscopy has opened a new window through which we can view rich information about molecular interactions.更多还原