【摘要】 汉语谦卑语是一种特殊的语言现象。自称式的谦卑语具有描述内容,但并不是对说话者本人的真实描述。我们发现,谦卑语并不指称说话者自己,因而谦卑语句通常是假的。因此,汉语谦卑语需要得到语义学的说明,但这种现象在西方语言哲学中并无讨论,用法理论并不合适,因为它只列举事实而不提供理论。吸收奥斯汀的施事话语理论、戴维森和马丁尼奇的隐喻理论中一些成分,可以建立一种语言哲学理论:话语的意义是它的本义,说话就是在做事,而说话时做了什么事,可以通过实践推理来把握。真值条件语义学提供话语的意义,而语言行动理论则说明说话行动,属于一般的行动理论。这样一种语言理论适合于所有的说话行动,当然也适合于汉语谦卑语的解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 Humble utterances are characteristic of Chinese language and speech.A self-referential humble utterance has a descriptive content,but it does not give a true description of the speaker.Ifatermintheformofhumbleutterancerefers to what is described,it would not refer to the speaker-which is intended,and humble utterance in the form of a sentence is usually false.Above facts suggest that an explanation of meaning is to be given for Chinese humbles.Philosophy of language past and present does not provide with a ready-made explanation.Use theory does not work for it describes but does not explain.Accommodating Austin’s theory of performative utterances,Davison’s and Martinich’s theory of metaphor,an explanation of the meaning of humbles can be framed:the meaning of humbles are their literal meaning,and further what the speaker has done in uttering a humble expression is to be explained by means of practical reasoning.Truth-conditional semantics helps to give the meaning,and the theory of speech act helps to explain the act of speaking which is a part of theory of action in general.The modified theory of speech act applies to all sorts of speech acts as well as Chinese humbles.更多还原