【摘要】 情事变更是现代合同法的一项重要制度,虽然它在罗马法中尚未系统成型,但是法学家已经开始根据不同合同类型的法定规则、习俗、诚信原则、不当得利等等分配突发情事导致合同不能履行的风险,并给予重新协商、部分免除债务、单方解除等多元化的救济。中世纪的法学家在罗马法基础上抽象出"情事不变"规则。为了维护契约严守的立场,近代的人文主义法学派和自然法学派将之建构为与合同内容相关的默示条件,最终在潘德克吞学派中形成前提理论。随着社会和经济格局的变化,情事不变原则经由学理、判例而进入各国民法典,并在欧洲统一私法层面得以确认。在制度的抽象条文已经被普遍接受的情况下,罗马法中类型化的区分和多元化的救济方式对于在不同的情况下准确援用这一条文具有特殊价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Change of circumstances is an important institution in modern contract law.In Roman law,this institution had not been constructed systematically,but the jurists made the distribution of risk of impossibility of performance of contracts caused by unforeseen events according to different types of contract,custom,bona fides,and unjust enrichment,and provided pluralistic remedies including renegotiation,partial remissions of debts and unilateral dissolution of contract. Based on Roman law,medieval jurists had formed an abstract clause rebus sic stantibus. For the defense of the idea pacta sunt servanda,the legal humanists and liberal natural law school had to define it as the implied condition relative to contents of contracts,finally the pandecten school constructed the doctrine of presupposition. With the development of society and economy,the clause rebus sic stantibus entered into different civil codes by way of doctrines and cases,and was established in European united private law. Although now this institution has been provided for in the abstract article generally,the typification and pluralistic remedies in Roman law has special importance for precise application of this article in different situations.更多还原