【摘要】 抗生素滥用导致地表水中频繁检出抗生素抗性基因,抗生素抗性基因对生态环境和人体健康具有潜在危害。收集整理磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)3种磺胺类抗生素的慢性毒性参数数据(NOEC)及其在中国14个不同地表水中的环境检测浓度(MEC),得到SMX、TMP、SMZ的NOEC值范围分别为9.4~2 500、157~200 000、300~200 000μg?L-1,其对藻类、甲壳类、鱼类3个营养级中最敏感的物种分别为大型蚤Daphnia magna、斑马鱼Danio rerio、月牙藻Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,三者的NOEC值分别为120、157、1 000μg?L-1;地表水中SMX、TMP、SMZ最大MEC分别出现于白洋淀湖(940 ng?L-1)、莱州湾(330 ng?L-1)、九龙江(775.5 ng?L-1)。采用风险评价因子(RAF)和物种敏感性分布(SSD)分别计算出3种磺胺类抗生素的预测无效应浓度(PNEC),RAF法得到的PNEC值分别为12、15.7、100μg?L-1,SSD法得到的PNEC分别为4.674、107.394、255.516μg?L-1。通过风险熵(RQ)法对不同地表水中3种磺胺类抗生素进行生态风险评价,结果显示除了白洋淀湖中SMX的RQ值为0.201,存在潜在风险,其他水域中RQ均小于0.1,说明中国地表水中SMX、TMP、SMZ风险很小或无风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing number of antibiotics and antibiotic genes were detected frequently in the water environment because of the abuse of antibiotics. It is becoming an emerging problem for aquatic ecosystem health and human health. In this paper, the no observed effect concentrations（NOECs） and the measured environmental concentrations（MECs） of Sulfamethoxazole（SMX）, Trimethoprim（TMP） and Sulfamethazine（SMZ） were collected in 14 different surface waters in China, and the results showed that the NOECs of SMX, TMP and SMZ was 9.4² 500, 157²00 000, 300²00 000 μg?L^-1 respectively, and the most sensitive species of algae, crustaceans, fish three trophic levels were Daphnia magna, Danio rerio, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata respectively, the values of NOECs was 120, 157, 1 000 μg?L^-1 respectively. The maximum MECs of SMX, TMP and SMZ were detected in Baiyangdian Lake(940 ng?L^-1), Laizhou Bay（330 ng?L-1）, Jiulongjiang River(775.5 ng?L^-1). The predicted no effect concentrations（PNECs） of SMX, TMP and SMZ were derived by the method of risk assessment factor（RAF） and species sensitivity distribution（SSD）, which values were 12, 100, 15.7 μg?L^-1 and 5.38, 222.51, 302.71 μg?L^-1. The ecological risk assessments were performed to evaluate the risk of three kinds of Sulfonamides antibiotics by risk quotients（RQs） in surface waters. The results revealed that the value of RQ of SMX was 0.201 in Baiyangdian Lake and the RQ of other surface waters was less than 0.1, which indicates that there is no significant risk to surface waters in China.更多还原