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城市典型下垫面降雨产汇流特性模拟实验研究
Simulation experiment study on runoff generation and confluence characteristics of rainfall on typical urban underlying surface
【摘要】 采用人工降雨-下垫面系统,对雨强、坡度和降雨动能等因素,在水泥、道路砖、透水砖和草地4种城市典型下垫面上进行了降雨产汇流的实验研究.研究表明,4种下垫面的出口断面的流量过程线由汇流、稳定和退水三个阶段组成.其中雨强是影响流量过程线的主要因素,雨强越大,同一下垫面的越早产流,汇流越短,退水需要更长的时间,流量峰值越早出现并且峰值显著增大;下垫面的坡度主要影响汇流过程和退水过程的长短,坡度越大,汇流和退水过程越短且过程线越陡峭,流量峰值出现的越早,但对流量峰值影响不明显;降雨动能对下垫面的击溅作用强烈,会影响到下垫面污染物的冲刷特性,但对降雨的流量过程线、峰值和径流总量的影响有限.
【Abstract】 By using the method of artificial rainfall-underlying surface system,in view of factors such as rainfall intensity,slope gradient and rainfall kinetic energy,making a series of rainfall runoff experiments in four kinds of typical urban underlying surfaces including concrete,road brick,water permeable brick and lawn. The research shows that the runoff hydrograph based on the outlet section in the four kinds of underlying surfaces is composed of three stages:sink flow,stable flow and recession flow. Rainfall intensity is the main factor of the runoff hydrograph,the higher the rainfall intensity is,the same underlying surface will produce runoff earlier,sink flow becomes shorter, and recession flow needs more time,peak rate of runoff appears earlier and increase evidently. The slope gradient mainly influence the length of sink flow and recession flow,the bigger the slope gradient is,sink flow and recession flow will become shorter and steeper,Rainfall kinetic energy have strong splash effects in underlying surface,it can influence the flush effect of pollutants on the underlying surface,but has limited influences in runoff hydrograph.
【Key words】 artificial rainfall system; runoff hydrograph; runoff generation; confluence; underlying surface;
- 【文献出处】 天津理工大学学报 ,Journal of Tianjin University of Technology , 编辑部邮箱 ,2016年06期
- 【分类号】X52
- 【被引频次】15
- 【下载频次】400