【摘要】 基于压力-状态-响应(pressure-state-reponse,PSR)模型和"五水共治"决策构建评价指标体系,应用AHP方法,对浙江省的水环境安全进行测度与评价。结果显示:浙江省水环境安全的PSR评价指数体系中,治污水指数的权重最大,主要污染物排放负荷、规模以上高耗水型行业生产总值比重、工业废水达标排放率等指标的权重相对较高,反映了典型的工业经济活动对水资源环境安全的威胁;PSR评价模型的压力、状态、响应指数变化中,以响应指数增幅最大,而压力、状态指数则显示平稳波动特征,反映了基于工业经济发展背景下相关政府职能部门积极采取应对措施所产生的良好效果。认为在经济快速发展压力下,降低主要污染物排放量、减小规模以上高耗水型行业生产总值比重、提高工业废水排放达标率、增加环保资金投入等,是提高水环境安全的关键点;建议浙江省以"五水共治"为契机,加快产业结构调整升级,降低用水消耗,加大科技与环保投入,改善水环境质量,保证供水能力,实现水环境系统的良性发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the pressure-state-response( PSR) model and the policy of co-governance of five water categories,we constructed an evaluation index system and used the analytic hierarchy process( AHP) method to examine and assess the water environmental security in Zhejiang Province. In the PSR evaluation index system,the water pollution control index has the largest weight,and the indices of discharge loads of the major pollutants,the proportion of GDP of high water-consuming industries,and the rate of industrial wastewater discharge standards have relatively large weights,indicating that the typical industrial economic activities are the threats to the water environmental security. The response index increases to the largest extent,and the pressure and state indices show stable fluctuations. These are favorable results from positive measures taken by the related government departments with the development of the industrial economy. With the rapid development of the economy,reducing the discharge loads of the major pollutants,reducing the proportion of GDP of high water-consuming industries,improving the rate of industrial wastewater discharge standards,and increasing investment in environmental protection are key factors in the improvement of water environmental security. It is suggested that,with the co-governance of five water categories,we should speed up the adjustment and upgrade of industrial structure, reduce industrial water consumption,increase investment in environmental protection,improve the water environment,and ensure water supply capability,in order to promote the healthy development of the water environment system for Zhejiang Province.更多还原