【摘要】 目的分析吉林省2012-2014年流感的病原学及流行特征,为制定流感防控措施提供科学依据。方法 2012-2014年采集吉林省哨点医院流感样病例的鼻咽拭子等标本,采用Real-time PCR方法对标本进行流感病毒核酸检测。对标本的流感病毒检出阳性率、流感毒株分型等进行分析。结果吉林省2012-2014年共采集流感样病例样本21 532份,其中检出流感病毒核酸阳性标本2 420份,检出率11.24%。近几年流行毒株类型有所变化。2012、2014年主要的流行毒株是H3N2型(分别为64.78%、86.40%),2013年主要的流行毒株是H1N1型(60.27%),并且在2013年新出现H7N9型(0.22%),吉林省流感发病人群的流感病毒检测阳性率与年份、地区、年龄有关,与性别无关。2013年流感病毒检测阳性率较低(10.13%),2014年流感病毒检测阳性率最高(12.13%)。辽源地区的流感病毒检测阳性率最低(2.95%),白山地区的流感病毒检测阳性率最高(16.24%)。0~岁组的流感检测阳性率最低(9.29%),5~岁组的流感检测阳性率较高(14.04%)。结论吉林省2012-2014年不同监测年度、不同地区、不同年龄的流感病毒检测阳性率不同,不同年度流行毒株类型有所变化。应长期监测流感的流行趋势,及时发现变异株,为制定流感预防措施提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective This paper aimed to provide scientific basis for influenza prevention and control measures by analyzing the etiological and epidemic characteristics of influenza in Jilin Province during 2012-2014. Methods Real-time PCR assay was used for the detection of influenza virus nucleic acid in the nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from influenza patients in the sentinel hospitals of Jilin Province during 2012-2014. The positive rate of influenza virus and epidemic strains of flu were analyzed.Results Among the 21,532 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from influenza-like cases,2,420 were detected to be positive for influenza virus,with the detection rate of 11.24%. The type of epidemic strains of flu were changing in recent years.The main epidemic strains of flu in 2012 and 2014 were H3N2,accounting for 64. 78% and 86. 40% respectively,while the main epidemic strain in 2013 was H1N1( 60.27%),and a new type,H7N9( 0.22%),appeared in 2013. The positive rate of influenza virus in the specimens from the influenza patients was associated with year,region and age,but not related to gender. The positive rate was the lowest( 10.13%) in 2013 and highest( 12.13%) in 2014,lowest( 2.95%) in Liaoyuan City and highest( 16.24%) in Baishan City,as well as lowest( 9.29%) in the 0 ~ year group and highest( 14.04%) in the 5 ~ years group. Conclusions The positive rates of influenza virus in influenza patients in Jilin Province in 2012-2014 are different among years,regions,and age groups. And the type of epidemic strain varies among years. It’s necessary to monitor the epedimic trend of influenza over a long period to timely discover the variants and provide evidence for formulating influenza prevention measures.更多还原