【摘要】 目的调查韶关市铅作业女工生存质量,并探讨其影响因素。方法 2013年11月-2015年7月采取整群抽样方法抽取韶关市9家涉铅作业的有色金属矿选矿厂、冶炼企业、铅酸蓄电池企业铅作业女工670名,采取自制问卷和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对其进行问卷调查,计算其生存质量得分并用t检验、单因素方差分析(总体有差异进一步用q检验)、秩和检验、线性趋势性检验分析女工年龄、文化程度、婚姻、职业史及工作基本情况对生存质量的影响。结果铅作业女工4个领域的得分(生理领域14.50±1.54,心理领域12.93±1.40,社会领域12.80±1.30,环境领域11.70±1.79)均低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。铅作业女工在社会、心理领域的得分随平均月收入的增加而增加(P<0.05);工作时按要求佩戴有效个人防护用品的铅作业女工在心理领域得分(13.38±1.43)显著高于不按要求佩戴有效个人防护用品者(13.05±1.41)(P<0.05);每周工作日≤5 d者在心理、社会领域得分(13.05±1.48,12.86±1.35)显著高于每周工作日>5 d者(12.81±1.38,12.44±1.28)(P<0.05);工作地点有防护措施者在心理、环境领域的得分(13.08±1.43,11.86±1.86)显著高于没有防护措施者(12.82±1.42,11.48±1.73)(P<0.05);<30岁者、30~岁者在生理领域的得分(15.00±1.51,15.30±1.50)显著高于40~岁及50~岁者(14.30±1.56,14.28±1.55)(P<0.05);不同婚姻状况铅作业女工在心理、社会领域得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),心理领域得分:未婚(13.26±1.42)、在婚(13.04±1.39)>离异及丧偶(12.58±1.41)(P<0.05);社会领域得分:在婚(13.08±1.31)>未婚(13.02±1.29)、离异及丧偶(12.38±1.30)(P<0.05)。结论韶关市铅作业女工总体生存质量较差,婚姻、年龄、平均月收入、每周工作日数、工作时按要求佩戴有效个人防护用品情况、工作地点防护措施情况可影响韶关市铅作业女工生存质量,可采取综合措施提高其生存质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the quality of life of lead exposed workers in Shaoguan City and analyze its influence factors. Methods During November 2013 and July 2015 we used cluster sampling to recruit 670 lead-exposed female workers from nine lead-relevant companies in Shaoguan City,including non-ferrous metal ore concentrating mills,smelting enterprises,lead-acid battery business. A survey was conducted by self-made questionnaire and WHO Quality of Life- BREF( WHOQOL-BREF). Their quality of life was assessed. The influence of age,education level,marital status,occupational history and basic situation of their jobs on their quality of life were sstatistically analyzed by t test,ANOVA,rank-sum test and linear trend test.Results The scores of the lead exposed female workers in Shaoguan City in four domains( physiological domain: 14. 50 ± 1. 54;psychological domain: 12. 93± 1. 40; social domain: 12. 80 ± 1. 30; environment domain: 11. 70 ± 1. 79) were significantly lower than those of the national norm( P<0. 05). The scores in social and psychological domains increased with the increment of the average monthly income( P < 0. 05). The female workers who wore effective personal protective equipment as required by work got higher scores in psychological domain( 13. 38±1. 43) than those who did not( 13. 05±1. 41)( P<0. 05). The female workers who had ≤5 working days per week scored higher in psychological and social domains( 13. 05±1. 48 and 12. 86±1. 35) than those who had >5 working days per week( 12. 81±1. 38 and 12. 44±1. 28)( P<0. 05). The scores in psychological and environment domains of the female workers whose workplaces were equipped with protective measures( 13. 08±1. 43 and 11. 86±1. 86) were significantly higher than those of the workers whose workplace were not( 12. 82±1. 42 and 11. 48±1. 73)( P<0. 05). The scores in physiological domain of the female workers who were aged <30 or 30 ~ years( 15. 00± 1. 51 and 15. 30± 1. 50) were higher than those who were aged 40 ~ or 50 ~ years( 14. 30±1. 56 and 14. 28±1. 55)( P<0. 05). There are significant differences in the scores of social and psychological domains among female workers with different marital status( P<0. 05). In the psychological domain,the unmarried( 13. 26±1. 42) and married( 13. 04±1. 39) scored higher than the divorced or widowed( 12. 58±1. 41)( P<0. 05). In the social domain,the married( 13. 08±1. 31) scored higher than the unmarried( 13. 02± 1. 29) and divorced or widowed( 12. 38± 1. 30)( P<0. 05). Conclusions The overall quality of life of the lead-exposed female workers in Shaoguan City is poor. It is influenced by marital status,age,monthly income,working days per week,wearing of effective personal protective equipment as required in work and equipment with protective measures in workplaces. Comprehensive measures should be taken to improve their quality of life.更多还原