【摘要】 水稻直播具有节省育苗和插秧成本,适合大规模机械化作业等优点,目前已成为国内外研究的热点。为了解决我国现有水稻旱直播机尚无成熟机型、无法实现精量穴播等问题,通过田间试验发现该直播机存在的问题,运用SOLIDWORKS三维软件对2BD-10型水稻旱直播机的排种器、开沟器、镇压轮等零部件进行改进设计,并对排种器和镇压轮进行力学分析,建立数学模型;并利用仿真分析方法对关键部件进行分析,确定该设计有利于提高排种均匀性和覆土效果。据此设计了一种勺式水稻旱穴直播机,实现了一次完成施肥、旋耕、开沟、排种、镇压等功能,并通过测量平均每穴粒子数、排种均匀性、伤种率、开沟深度、覆土厚度等试验进行验证。试验结果表明:该机的每穴粒子数平均值为15粒、平均每穴粒子数变异系数为9%、排种均匀性变异系数为4.7%,伤种率在2%³%之间、生产效率为2.1×10³⁴.1×10³m²·h^-1、机组前进速度为0.4m·s^-1、开沟深度平均值为3cm、开沟深度变异系数为10%、覆土厚度平均值为2.1cm、覆土厚度变异系数为10%。说明该机性能指标满足了设计要求,可为类似机械的研发提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice direct seeding has the advantage of saving the cost of seedling cultivation and planting and it is suitable for large-scale mechanization, and has become a hot research at home and abroad at present. In order to solve the precise dibbling problems of rice drought direct seeding machine, through field experiment the 2BD-10 rice drought planter was improved by using SOLIDWORKS software. The dynamic analysis of the seed metering device and suppress wheel were carried out, and the mathematical model was also established. And the key components were analyzed with the simulation analysis method, with was to determine if the design was conducive to improve the effect of seed uniformity and to turn the soil. A scoop rice drought direct seeding machine was designed, all the functions of fertilization, rotary tillage, furrow, seeding, suppress were implemented.Through measuring the average number of particles, the coefficient of seeding uniformity, injury rate, trenching depth and thickness of overburden soil, the testing validations were obtained. The experimental results showed that the average number of particles was 15 in each point, it’s coefficient of variation was 9%, the coefficient of variation of seeding uniformity was 4.7%,injury rate ranged 2%-3%, productivity was 2.1×10³-4.1×10³m²·h^-1, the forward speed of tractor was 0.4 m·s^-1, trenching depth was 3 cm, the coefficient of variation of trenching depth was 10%, the thickness of covering soil was 2.1 cm, the coefficient of variation of the thickness of covering soil was 10%. The key performance indicators meet the design requirements and the results provide reference for similar machinery research and development.更多还原