【摘要】 水库形成后将在坝前和库中呈现湖泊生态特征,库尾及上游呈现河流生态特征,即形成了河库复合生态系统。以国内某特大型水库为例,对蓄水前后水生生态系统特征进行了调查。结果显示,库区水面变宽,流速减缓,泥沙沉积,局部时段和区域存在一定范围的水温弱分层现象。适应静水性的浮游生物和底栖动物有所增加,鱼类群落结构也发生了变化,喜栖静水和缓流环境的物种逐渐在库区占主导地位,适应急流环境的物种主要分布于库尾和支流等局部水域中。为了对湖库鱼类栖息生境加以保护,提出了建立自然保护江段、开展人工增殖放流、进行水库生态调度以及加强渔政管理防止外来种入侵等措施和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 After reservoir developed,the lake ecological characteristics will appeared in front of the dam and the middle of reservoir,but the reservoir tail and its upstream will still present river ecological characteristics,which form a compound river and reservoir ecological system. Taking an oversized domestic reservoir as study case,the aquatic ecosystem characteristics before and after the impoundment is investigated. The results show that the reservoir water is widened,the flow slows down,the sediment deposits and the weak stratification of water temperature appears in local time and area. The plankton and benthos adapting to static water are increased,the fish community has also been changed. The species accustomed to static water and subcritical flow environment turn into gradually dominated status in reservoir area and some species in the rapids environment are mainly distributed in reservoir tail and tributaries. The measures for protecting fish habitat ecosystem are proposed by means of establishing conservation river reach,launching artificial reproduction and releasing,carrying out reservoir ecology regulation and strengthening fishery management to prevent the invasion of alien species.更多还原