Taking T91 steel pipe as the research object,, the heat source model of the ring welding was calibrated based on the test results.The whole welding process was simulated by using SYSWELD software. The changes of temperature and stress during the welding process were analyzed, and the residual stress after welding were predicted.The results show that the maximum residual stress is located at the position of 5-10 mm from the weld center, which is outer side of the heat affected zone, and the minimum residual ...