【摘要】 砌体结构是我国最悠久最广泛的建筑结构形式。在已有震害资料的基础上,论述砌体墙的水平裂缝、斜裂缝和竖向裂缝的破坏形式,给出各种裂缝的破坏形态和常见位置;砌体结构的倒塌破坏包括整体粉碎性垮塌,局部垮塌和整层垮塌,系统的阐述了各种倒塌破坏的特征;归纳分析了砌体结构的其他常见震害破坏形式,如变形缝处破坏、楼梯板破坏和结构突出物破坏。深入探讨砌体墙裂缝和倒塌破坏的产生原因,为了解砌体结构的破坏机制和抗震性能奠定基础。针对砌体结构在结构安全上的薄弱缺陷,提出在设计和施工时的一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Masonry is an ancient and common form of building structure. Based on the existing earthquake disaster data,the failure modes of masonry structure’s horizontal crack,diagonal crack and vertical crack,including the crack’s shape and position are elaborated. Masonry’s overall collapse includes comminuted collapse,partial collapse and the whole floor’s collapse,then the characteristic of various collapses are summarized. Other failure modes are generalized,such as the destruction in deformation joint,stairboard and protrusion. Besides,the causes of above destruction are thoroughly discussed,and a foundation for deeply understanding the failure mechanism and failure reason is laid. Focused on the shortcomings of masonry,some suggestions on structural design and building construction are given.更多还原