【摘要】 民主内涵与外延的关系是研究民主问题的逻辑起点,但却常常是被研究者搞得比较混乱的问题之一。本文在考察和归纳古典民主理论和现代民主思想的基础上,阐述了民主的内涵主要有:核心是主权在民,前提是自由平等,通行"多数原则",实行权力制约,崇尚制度化、法治化等价值追求。而民主的具体形式和不同类型则是民主的外延,是由不同国家的历史、文化和经济社会发展状况所决定的。民主的内涵,需要通过民主的外延来实现,但民主的外延不能等同于民主的内涵,或者至少不能涵盖民主内涵的全部。20世纪上半叶以来,西方和国内的一些学者提出的一些"加限定词"的民主概念,导致了民主问题研究上的理论混乱。民主的本质就是人民当家作主,离开这一点,任何意义上的加"限定词"的民主都偏离了民主的本义。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the logical starting point for the study of democracy,the relationship between the content and extension of democracy is often the root of confusion among researchers. On the basis of investigating and summarizing classical theories and modern thoughts on democracy,this article suggests that democracy should mainly include the following contents: the core principle of sovereignty of the people,the prerequisite of freedom and equality,the general practice of the "majority principle",the practice of power-checking,and the value orientation towards institutionalization and rule of law. The concrete forms and types of democracy constitute the extension of democracy,which are to be determined by specific histories,cultures,economic and social developments in different countries. The content of democracy is realized through its extension,but such extension should not be regarded as the same of the content,or at least does not cover the full content of democracy. Since the first half of the20 th century,various concepts of democracy with qualifiers have been proposed by domestic and western scholars,and have caused theoretical confusion in the studies of democracy. The essence of democracy is that people are the master of their country,without which any democracy with qualifiers will deviate from the original intention of democracy.更多还原