【摘要】 采用大田试验研究了20世纪50年代—21世纪最初的10年（00年代）不同年代海河低平原区主栽的冬小麦品种分别在雨养和灌溉条件下的光合特性。结果表明,1)随着品种更替,20世纪70—00年代品种生殖生长阶段的旗叶净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率（Tr）的最高值和最低值都较50—60年代品种有了明显提高,且Pn的高值持续时间变长;2)雨养条件下,90—00年代品种孕穗期的Pn与正常灌溉时没有显著差异,且显著高于50—80年代品种;50—60年代品种开花期的Pn较正常灌溉时上升,并在开花期和灌浆期显著高于70—00年代品种。70—80年代品种在生殖生长阶段各生育时期的Pn较正常灌溉时的降幅都最大。由此说明,在冬小麦品种更替过程中,90—00年代品种在开花前对水分亏缺的适应能力较强,50—60年代品种在开花后对水分亏缺的适应能力较强,而70—80年代品种在生殖生长阶段的各生育时期对水分亏缺都较敏感。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water adaptability of winter wheat cultivars released in different decades was investigated by photosynthetic characteristics based on field experiment.The results indicated that:1)With cultivar evolvement,the cultivars released after 1970 shad remarkably improved the highest and the lowest net photosynthetic rate（P_n）,stomatal conductance（G_s）,intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci）,and transpiration rate（Tr）during reproductive stage compared with the cultivars released in 1950 sand 1960s.The new cultivars also had longer high Pnduration than old cultivars;2)Cultivars released in 1990 sand 2000sdisplayed no significant difference in Pn between irrigated and rain-fed conditions at booting stage,which were significantly higher than that of cultivars released between 1950 sand 1980sunder rain-fed condition.However,cultivars released in 1970 sand 1980sunder rain-fed condition exhibited the biggest decline of Pn compared with irrigated condition at every growth stage.On the contrast,cultivars released in 1950 sand 1960sfed by rain exhibited increase of Pnby normal irrigation at flowering stage,which were significantly higher than that of cultivars released between 1970 sand 2000sat both flowering and grain filling stages.The above results revealed that cultivars released in 1990 sand 2000sexhibited high water adaptability before flowering,and cultivars released in 1950sand1960 sshowed high adaptability after flowering,while the cultivars released in 1970 sand 1980s were sensitive to water deficient during the whole reproductive stage.更多还原