【摘要】 在总结分析2005—2010年在全国水稻主产区进行的1 190、9 608和9 490组氮、磷和钾肥肥效试验并参考有关文献资料的基础上,将我国水稻主产区分为5个大区和9个施肥亚区,并对8个施肥亚区（除了Ⅴ区外）的氮磷钾肥优化用量及肥料配方进行系统研究。结果表明:东北单季稻区（Ⅰ）、长江流域单双季稻区（Ⅱ）及江南丘陵山地单双季稻区（Ⅲ）的单季稻产量水平较高（8.3⁹.0t/hm²）,长江中游单双季稻区（Ⅱ-2）和江南华南单双季稻区（Ⅲ）的早晚稻及西南高原丘陵单季稻区（Ⅳ）的产量较低（6.8⁷.5t/hm²）;我国水稻8个施肥亚区的氮肥推荐用量平均为N 172kg/hm²,其中以东北寒地单季稻区（Ⅰ-1）最低（N 116kg/hm²）,长江下游单季稻区（Ⅱ-3）最高（N₂ 56kg/hm²）;磷肥推荐用量平均为P₂O₅ 71kg/hm²,江南华南单双季稻区（Ⅲ）的早晚稻最低（P₂O₅ 59kg/hm²）,长江下游单季稻区（Ⅱ-3）最高（P₂O₅ 84kg/hm²）;钾肥推荐用量平均为K₂O 62kg/hm²,以东北寒地单季稻区（Ⅰ-1）最低（K₂O 45kg/hm²）,华南平原丘陵双季稻区（Ⅲ-2）晚稻最高（K₂O 80kg/hm²）。针对我国水稻的8个施肥亚区总共确定了11个区域肥料配方,其中包括7个高浓度配方和4个中低浓度配方。长江流域单双季稻区（Ⅱ）应适当增加磷肥的投入以提高土壤磷肥力水平,同时应加强中低浓度配方肥的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study summarized and analyzed a total of 1 190,9 608 and 9 490on-farm experiments with various rates of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）,conducted during 2005—2010across major agro-ecological regions of rice production in China.Based on the data obtained and literature analysis,China rice production area was divided into 5major agro-ecological regions and 9sub-regions.Optimal rates of N,P and K and formulated optimized compound fertilizer for 8sub-regions（excluding regionⅤ）were estimated.The results showed that single rice yield in the Northeast China（regionⅠ）,Yangtze River（regionⅡ）and the South China（regionⅢ）was 8.3-9.0t/hm²,which was higher than that of single rice in Southwest China（regionⅣ）,and as well as that of early rice and late rice in the middle reaches of Yangtze River（sub-regionⅡ-2）and the South China（regionⅢ）（6.8-7.5t/hm²）.Nationally,the optimal rates of N across all the 8sub-regions were N 172kg/ha and ranged from 116kg/ha in the cold sub-region in the Northeast China（Ⅰ-1）to 256kg/hm² in the lower reaches of Yangtze River sub-region（Ⅱ-3）.The optimal rates of P were P-₂O₅ 71kg/hm² and ranged from 59kg/hm² for early rice and late rice in the South China（Ⅲ）to 84kg/hm² forsingle rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River sub-region（Ⅱ-3）.The optimal rates of K were K₂O 62kg/hm² and ranged from 45kg/hm² for single rice in the cold sub-region in the Northeast China（Ⅰ-1）to 80kg/hm² for late rice in the plain and hilly sub-region in the South China（Ⅲ-2）.A total of 11 regional special fertilizer formulae were designed for the 8rice sub-regions,including 7compound fertilizer formulae with high nutrient concentration and 4 with medium concentration.In general,more attention should be paid to Yangtze River region,where P fertilizer input should be increased slightly to build-up soil P,and the application of medium nutrient concentration special fertilizer should be enhanced.更多还原