【摘要】 经过20多年的发展,中国环境正义问题研究呈现出两个可喜"转变":从侧重抽象学理分析逐渐向应对解决现实问题转变;从追随西方研究范式逐渐向建构本土研究范式转变。这个转变历程具体表现为三个阶段:第一,中国学者积极普及并大力介绍西方学者的研究成果,推动了中国对环境正义问题的关注。第二,很长一段时期,与西方学者致力于解决其国内环境正义问题,更多强调国内正义实现的特点不同,我国学者更多关注国际环境正义实施中的中国问题,围绕着全球层面如何公平分配环境权利与义务进行自己的话语表达与理论建构。第三,随着生态文明建设上升为国家战略的理论需求以及受环境群体性事件激增等现实问题的倒逼,环境正义研究出现本土化意识和本土化努力,由注重一般学理意义研究、关注国际正义的实现转向应对本国环境冲突的理论与现实问题,正义视野扩展到我国区域层面和群体层面。另外,与西方环境正义主要表现为环境利益与环境风险在不同种族之间的不平等配置不同,中国环境正义问题更多体现在不同区域之间的"正义"分配,学者研究的关注点更多转向制约环境正义实现的政治决策与制度建设。但研究同时存在环境正义理论基础单一、环境非正义根源单向以及理论自觉不足、整体性和系统性缺乏的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of environmental justice problems in China has undergone two gratifying"changes"for the last two decades, shifts from abstract theoretical analysis to practical problem analysis and from following the western research paradigm to developing the local research paradigm. The shifts are specifically reflected in three stages:in the first stage, Chinese scholars introduced and popularized the western research achievements, drawing attention to the environmental justice problems in China; in the second stage, in contrast with western scholars exerting themselves on the realization of domestic justice, Chinese scholars were engaged in the construction of their own discourses and theoretical frameworks on the distribution of environmental rights and obligations; in the third stage,with the promotion of eco-civilization construction as the theoretical requirement of the national strategy and the sharp increase of environmental group events, the environmental justice research has involved localization awareness and efforts, shifting the focus from theoretical research on international environmental justice to coping with domestic theoretical and practical problems in environment, and extending the visual field of justice to group events in China. In addition, differing from the western environmental justice problems mainly about the unfair distribution of environmental benefits and risks among different ethnic groups, environmental justice problems in China lie in the unfair distribution among different regions with more researches focusing on the political decision-making and institution construction exerting impact on the exercise of environmental justice. Some problems exist in the research including insufficient theoretical basis, inadequate study on environmental injustice causes, and lack of the theoretical consciousness, holistic and systematic perspectives.更多还原