【摘要】 很多地方之所以成为旅游目的地,是与游客对其"真实"与"想象"的体验交织在一起的。在民族文化传承、演变、重构过程中,"发髻"的文化内涵在于它对民族历史记忆和对族群凝聚的形塑。广西黄洛瑶寨在"文化碎片化"过程中以"天下第一长发村"构建了最令游客直观感觉的"柔""情""爱""婚恋"的地方形象;贵州岜沙苗寨以独特"户棍"发髻、舞台化的成年仪式以及衍生出来的精神深层次的"树"崇拜和生死轮回的观念,建构了与现代文明格格不入的"原始而又神秘"的地方形象。黄洛瑶寨和岜沙苗寨利用"发髻"这一容易被认知、接受和解读的文化符号来标识其旅游地形象,建构了游客最直观想象的地方形象,也重构了当地民族文化体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Culture and heritage are increasingly popular tourist attractions. The tourist experience is often a mix of staged images and authentic cultural practices. This study examined the process of inheritance, evolution and reconstruction of ethnic culture in the case of hair bun in two of China’s ethnic minority communities. The tradition of wearing a hair bun is central to shaping of group memory and cohesion in two tribal communities examined in this study. In a process of cultural fragmentation,the Huangluo Yao ethnic minority village of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, has been constructed as a"village of the longest hair in the world","females with long hair"and"the most beautiful Yao females with long hair" have become tourism product. The result has been the development of a popular tourism attraction. The style has also become a catalyst of cultural symbol reconstruction. The hair created an attractive and easily recognizable place image of genteel, love,passion and marriage. The Yao women of the Huangluo region clad in traditional red dresses singing about their long hair, the locks and the trickling streams in the landscape portrait an exotic image of tenderness and dear that is the life of the women of the minority ethnicity. In another place, the Biasha Miao ethnic minority village of Guizhou Province in Southwest China, a unique"Hu Gun"hair style,"the last gunman tribe" a staged rites- of- passage performances, tree worship and a belief in reincarnation have molded a place image of"primitive and mysterious"that is distinctively different form China’s modern civilization, muskets and the men’s buns became a sign of masculinity and toughness.These two destination areas have both used hair bun as a symbol of culture that is easily recognizable, readily acceptable and suggestive in interpretation. These are typical to contemporary ethnic tourism destinations seeking to formulate a place image in their promotional materials, to be delivered to the heritage customer. The easily observable heritage sign(hair buns) satisfies tourists’ exoticism expectations, and the ethnic villages have become known as a living museum. The long hair and buns fashioned by the residents have established in these villages a cultural symbol, perceived to be exotic, mysterious and authentic, and attractive to tourists. But, in the process of heritage inheritance,evolution and reconstruction, the bun has a context of group memory and tribal cohesion. The bun has become an intuitive destination image, while, in the meantime, reconstructed the ethnographic system.Even though that gap between imagination and experience of the tourists is intuitive and easy to make people yearn for, there are also unsatisfactory,such as the staged and distorted culture that led to a big gap between the tourists imagination and experience which affected the tourists’ satisfaction;reconstructing the abstract culture which affected the tourists cultural experience satisfaction; due to the ethnic tourism development,there are still many deficiencies, it would make tourists are not satisfied with the real conditions, which thus affected the tourists’ perception of tourism culture system.更多还原