【摘要】 人口规模和国土面积是大国两个最主要的自然特征,从这两个自然特征出发可推导出"大国效应"是否存在及其存在的条件。通常,土地面积与国家人均收入有正向关系,而人口规模与国家之间的收入差距呈倒U型关系。在土地面积和其它条件给定的情况下,若一国人口规模适度偏大,该国人均收入将会高于小国;但是,若该国人口规模超出一定限度,该大国会因拥挤而丧失其优势。进一步的研究表明,市场交易成本、经济结构差异和国家之间的开放程度都有可能显著地减弱和逆转大国效应。可见,大国效应的形成需要一定条件,国家规模与贫富差距并非简单的线性关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Population size and land area are the two most important natural features of large countries. The existence of the large country effect and the condition of its existing can be inferred from the two natural features. The per capita income has a positive relationship with land area,but an inverted U-shaped connection with population size. Under land area and other conditions given,if the population size of a country is moderately high,the per capita incomes in this country will be higher than that in a small country. However,if population size is too large,the large countries will weaken or reverse its large country effect due to the over-crowded population. It is further showed that the effect of large country will possibly be weakened or reversed due to market transaction cost,differences of economic structure and the lower openness between countries. Obviously,it requires certain conditions to form the effect of large country. The relationship between national scale and the gap between rich and poor is not simply linear.更多还原