【摘要】 中国地区及城乡收入差距随城镇化率提高反而扩大的现象,可能与人口和土地制度影响了庞大的转移劳动力人群消费和流动偏好有关。此外,落后地区不可贸易服务业部门就业比重正逐渐扩大,但是该部门因其产品非贸易性质难以获得与可贸易部门生产率相同程度的提高,不可贸易部门生产率的增加直接转变成非贸易品价格下降,从而城镇化对经济收敛的作用并不明显。本文首次构建农业、可贸易、不可贸易及劳动力资源四部门均衡模型,讨论由恩格尔消费周期收入效应和相对生产率替代效应驱动落后地区结构转型现象,并通过劳动力跨部门匹配均衡和实验经济学模拟方法发现:(1)城镇化率与制造业(或可贸易服务业)比重是否相关是有条件的,只要初始可贸易部门就业人口比例较低,即使制造业和可贸易服务业生产率没有显著提高,落后地区短期内仍可能实现城镇化率大幅提高;(2)由于既定收入差距存在,"城市偏向政策"具有很强的城镇化扩大效应并加速"消费性城市"产生。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of urbanization,China’s regional and urban- rural gap has expanded. This phenomenon may be related to the population policy and the system for land rights,which changes individual’s preference on consumption and migration. In addition,workers share in non-tradable services in less-developed regions is gradually expanded,in which the degree of productivity improvement is lower than tradable sectors,and its price is deeply cheaper. So,impact of urbanization on economic convergence is not obvious. This paper firstly develop a four-sectors general equilibrium theory consisting of agriculture,tradable,non- tradable and labor resources,which discusses the driving force of structural transformation in less-developed regions by Engel’s consumption cycle or the relative productivity. Results of cross- sector matching of labor force and the experimental economics simulation indicates:( 1) Conditional on urbanization rates are unrelated to the share of manufacturing and services. As long as the initial workers share of tradable sectors is small enough,even though there is no significant improvement in the productivity of manufacturing and tradable services,the urbanization rates in the short term may be increase significantly;( 2) Due to the existence of income gap,"The Urban Bias Policy"will speed up urbanization rates and strengthen"consumption cities".更多还原