【摘要】 纳米纤维作为一维纳米材料的一个重要分支,有着广泛的应用前景。静电纺丝技术是一种制备一维纳米纤维的有效方法。然而,传统制备工艺制得的纳米纤维常为无序排列的结构,极大限制了其应用。近十几年来,通过对喷丝装置、纤维分化区及接收装置的改进获得了取向纳米纤维(aligned nanofibers,ANFs),引发了研究者的广泛关注,但对于取向纳米纤维的制备与应用未见系统性的论述。本文系统总结了采用静电纺丝技术制备取向纳米纤维的方法,并评述了这种取向结构在生物组织工程修复、传感器、增强材料及能源等领域中的应用。鉴于ANFs在生物组织工程中得到广泛的关注,本文对其进行了着重介绍。而在能源领域,本文主要阐述在质子交换膜燃料电池方面的应用。最后,本文总结了ANFs存在的问题,并展望了其未来的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanofibers have many promising applications as a main component of one-dimensional nanomaterials.Electrospinning technology is a facile and effective way to prepare nanofibers. However, the traditional preparation process only obtains non-aligned nanofibers,which significantly hinders their application. In recent fewdecades,many efforts have been focused on optimization of the preparation method,and well aligned nanofibers( ANFs) have been successfully obtained through improving spinning set-ups, collectors, and optimizing the separation section of nanofibers. Due to the absence of a systematic appraisal of ANFs,here a reviewof the preparation methods of ANFs based on electrospinning and their applications in tissue engineering regeneration,sensors, reinforced materials, sensors and energy devices, is present. Owing to the wide application of ANFs in tissue engineering regeneration,a detailed discussion is provided in that regard. In the field of energy,the application of ANFs in PEMfuel cells is focused. Finally,the challenges and outlooks for the development of ANFs are summarized.更多还原