【摘要】 以哈尔滨为目标城市,开展了东北地区典型城市机动车排放清单的研究。哈尔滨市机动车排放清单的构建主要基于活动水平数据调研、排放因子模型模拟和机动车排放清单计算模型。建立活动水平数据库所需参数包括机动车的车型、车龄、排放标准、技术分布、行驶工况、燃油类型等。排放因子数据来源于参数本地化的IVE模型的计算。通过构建哈尔滨市2014年的机动车排放清单,计算了分车型、燃料类型和启动运行过程的污染物分担率,并对冬、夏两季及市区和非市区的排放量进行了对比。研究结果表明,轻型客车对CO和VOC排放的贡献最大,重型货车、大型客车以及中小货车对NO_x和颗粒物的排放贡献较大。机动车污染物的排放大部分是在运行过程中产生的,其对CO、VOC、NO_x和颗粒物排放量的分担率分别为67%、85%、99%和97%。冬季各种污染物的排放量均大于夏季。市区CO的排放量远高于非市区,市区单位面积机动车VOC的排放量远远高于非市区部分,而非市区的NO_x和颗粒物量要高于市区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Harbin was selected as a typical city to study the vehicle emission inventory in northeast China.Based on the survey of the activity data,simulation of emission factor model and the model of emission inventory,the vehicle emission inventory was established in Harbin.The parameters for the established activity database include vehicle types,vehicle ages,emission standards,technology distribution,driving cycles,fuel types,etc.The data of the emission factor was derived from the calculation of the lo-calized International Vehicle Emission(IVE) model.Based on the establishment of the vehicle emission inventory of Harbin in 2014,the contribution to total vehicle emissions,based on vehicle types,fuel usage,start-up and running,was calculated.The emissions in winter and summer,as well as urban and non-urban areas were compared.The results showed that light-duty cars were the major contributor to CO and VOC,while heavy-duty trucks,large-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks were the major sources for NO_x and PM.The vehicle running process made significant contribution to the total CO,VOC,NO_x and PM emissions with the contribution rates of 67%,85%,99% and 97%,respectively.The emissions in winter were more than those in summer.CO emissions from the urban areas were much higher than those in the non-urban areas.The unit emissions of VOC in the urban areas were much higher than those in the non-urban areas.The emissions of NO_x and PM in the non-urban areas were higher than those in the urban areas.更多还原